1. Aggappasādasuttavaṇṇanā Таблица

90. Pañcamavaggassa paṭhame aggappasādāti ettha ayaṃ aggasaddo ādikoṭikoṭṭhāsaseṭṭhesu dissati. Tathā hesa "ajjatagge, samma dovārika, āvarāmi dvāraṃ nigaṇṭhānaṃ nigaṇṭhīnaṃ (ma. ni. 2.70). Ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata"nti (dī. ni. 1.250; pārā. 15) ca ādīsu ādimhi dissati. "Teneva aṅgulaggena taṃ aṅgulaggaṃ parāmaseyya (kathā. 441). Ucchaggaṃ veḷagga"nti ca ādīsu koṭiyaṃ. "Ambilaggaṃ vā madhuraggaṃ vā tittakaggaṃ vā (saṃ. ni. 5.374). Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vihāraggena vā pariveṇaggena vā bhājetu"nti (cūḷava. 318) ca ādīsu koṭṭhāse. "Ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca (a. ni. 4.95). Aggohamasmi lokassā"ti ca ādīsu (dī. ni. 2.31; ma. ni. 3.207) seṭṭhe. Svāyamidhāpi seṭṭheyeva daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā aggesu seṭṭhesu pasādā, aggabhūtā seṭṭhabhūtā vā pasādā aggappasādāti attho.

Purimasmiñca atthe aggasaddena buddhādiratanattayaṃ vuccati. Tesu bhagavā tāva asadisaṭṭhena, guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhena, asamasamaṭṭhena ca aggo. So hi mahābhinīhāraṃ dasannaṃ pāramīnaṃ pavicayañca ādiṃ katvā tehi bodhisambhāraguṇehi ceva buddhaguṇehi ca sesajanehi asadisoti asadisaṭṭhena aggo. Ye cassa guṇā mahākaruṇādayo, te sesasattānaṃ guṇehi visiṭṭhāti guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhenapi sabbasattuttamatāya aggo. Ye pana purimakā sammāsambuddhā sabbasattehi asamā, tehi saddhiṃ ayameva rūpakāyaguṇehi ceva dhammakāyaguṇehi ca samoti asamasamaṭṭhenapi aggo. Tathā dullabhapātubhāvato acchariyamanussabhāvato bahujanahitasukhāvahato adutiyaasahāyādibhāvato ca bhagavā loke aggoti vuccati. Yathāha –

"Ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, pātubhāvo dullabho lokasmiṃ, katamassa ekapuggalassa? Tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

"Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati acchariyamanusso.

"Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujana - pe - sammāsambuddho.

"Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati, adutiyo asahāyo appaṭimo appaṭisamo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo asamo asamasamo dvipadānaṃ aggo. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho"ti (a. ni. 1.170-172, 174).

Dhammasaṅghāpi aññadhammasaṅghehi asadisaṭṭhena visiṭṭhaguṇatāya dullabhapātubhāvādinā ca aggā. Tathā hi tesaṃ svākkhātatādisuppaṭipannatādiguṇavisesehi aññadhammasaṅghā sadisā appataranihīnā vā natthi, kuto seṭṭhā. Sayameva ca pana tehi visiṭṭhaguṇatāya seṭṭhā. Tathā dullabhuppādaacchariyabhāvabahujanahitasukhāvahā adutiyaasahāyādisabhāvā ca te. Yadaggena hi bhagavā dullabhapātubhāvo, tadaggena dhammasaṅghāpīti. Acchariyādibhāvepi eseva nayo. Evaṃ aggesu seṭṭhesu uttamesu pavaresu guṇavisiṭṭhesu pasādāti aggappasādā.

Dutiyasmiṃ pana atthe yathāvuttesu aggesu buddhādīsu uppattiyā aggabhūtā pasādā aggappasādā. Ye pana ariyamaggena āgatā aveccappasādā, te ekanteneva aggabhūtā pasādāti aggappasādā. Yathāha "idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hotī"tiādi (saṃ. ni. 5.1027). Aggavipākattāpi cete aggappasādā. Vuttañhi "agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko"ti.

Yāvatāti yattakā. Sattāti pāṇino. Apadāti apādakā. Dvipadāti dvipādakā. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Vā-saddo samuccayattho, na vikappattho. Yathā "anuppanno vā kāmāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pavaḍḍhatī"ti (ma. ni. 1.17) ettha anuppanno ca uppanno cāti attho. Yathā ca "bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāyā"ti (ma. ni. 1.402; saṃ. ni. 2.12) ettha bhūtānañca sambhavesīnañcāti attho. Yathā ca "aggito vā udakato vā mithubhedato vā"ti (dī. ni. 2.152; udā. 76; mahāva. 286) ettha aggito ca udakato ca mithubhedato cāti attho, evaṃ "apadā vā - pe - aggamakkhāyatī"ti etthāpi apadā ca dvipadā cāti sampiṇḍanavasena attho daṭṭhabbo. Tena vuttaṃ "vā-saddo samuccayattho, na vikappattho"ti.

Rūpinoti rūpavanto. Na rūpinoti arūpino. Saññinoti saññāvanto. Na saññinoti asaññino. Nevasaññināsaññino nāma bhavaggapariyāpannā. Ettāvatā ca kāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo, ekavokārabhavo, catuvokārabhavo, pañcavokārabhavo, saññībhavo, asaññībhavo, nevasaññīnāsaññībhavoti navavidhepi bhave satte anavasesato pariyādiyitvā dassesi dhammarājā. Ettha hi rūpiggahaṇena kāmabhavo rūpabhavo pañcavokārabhavo ekavokārabhavo ca dassito, arūpiggahaṇena arūpabhavo catuvokārabhavo ca dassito. Saññībhavādayo pana sarūpeneva dassitā. Apadādiggahaṇena kāmabhavapañcavokārabhavasaññībhavānaṃ ekadeso dassitoti.

Kasmā panettha yathā adutiyasutte "dvipadānaṃ aggo"ti dvipadānaṃ gahaṇameva akatvā apadādiggahaṇaṃ katanti? Vuccate – adutiyasutte tāva seṭṭhataravasena dvipadaggahaṇameva kataṃ. Imasmiñhi loke seṭṭho nāma uppajjamāno apadacatuppadabahuppadesu na uppajjati, dvipadesuyeva uppajjati. Kataresu dvipadesu? Manussesu ceva devesu ca. Manussesu uppajjamāno sakalalokaṃ vase vattetuṃ samattho buddho hutvā uppajjati. Aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana "tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ vase vattetuṃ samattho"ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.174) vuttaṃ. Devesu uppajjamāno dasasahassilokadhātuṃ vase vattanako mahābrahmā hutvā uppajjati, so tassa kappiyakārako vā ārāmiko vā sampajjati. Iti tatopi seṭṭhataravasenesa "dvipadānaṃ aggo"ti tattha vutto, idha pana anavasesapariyādānavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Yāvattakā hi sattā attabhāvapariyāpannā apadā vā - pe - nevasaññīnāsaññino vā, tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatīti. Niddhāraṇe cetaṃ sāmivacanaṃ, makāro padasandhikaro. Aggo akkhāyatīti padavibhāgo.

Aggo vipāko hotīti agge sammāsambuddhe pasannānaṃ yo pasādo, so aggo seṭṭho uttamo koṭibhūto vā, tasmā tassa vipākopi aggo seṭṭho uttamo koṭibhūto uḷāratamo paṇītatamo hoti. So pana pasādo duvidho lokiyalokuttarabhedato. Tesu lokiyassa tāva –

"Ye keci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;

Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressanti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);

"Buddhoti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti;

Varameva hi sā pīti, kasiṇenapi jambudīpassa.

"Sataṃ hatthī sataṃ assā, sataṃ assatarī rathā;

Sataṃ kaññāsahassāni, āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalā;

Ekassa padavītihārassa, kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ". (saṃ. ni. 1.242; cūḷava. 305);

"Sādhu kho, devānaminda, buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho, devānaminda, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti. Te aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti – dibbena āyunā, dibbena vaṇṇena, dibbena sukhena, dibbena yasena, dibbena ādhipateyyena, dibbehi rūpehi, dibbehi saddehi, dibbehi gandhehi, dibbehi rasehi, dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehī"ti (saṃ. ni. 4.341) –

Evamādīnaṃ suttapadānaṃ vasena pasādassa phalavisesayogo veditabbo. Tasmā so apāyadukkhavinivattanena saddhiṃ sampattibhavesu sukhavipākadāyakoti daṭṭhabbo. Lokuttaro pana sāmaññaphalavipākadāyako vaṭṭadukkhavinivattako ca. Sabbopi cāyaṃ pasādo paramparāya vaṭṭadukkhaṃ vinivattetiyeva. Vuttañhetaṃ –

"Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye ariyasāvako attano saddhaṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ, na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatacittassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati - pe - nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī"ti (a. ni. 6.10; 26).

Dhammāti sabhāvadhammā. Saṅkhatāti samecca sambhuyya paccayehi katāti saṅkhatā, sappaccayadhammā. Hetūhi paccayehi ca na kehici katāti asaṅkhatā, appaccayanibbānaṃ. Saṅkhatānaṃ paṭiyogibhāvena "asaṅkhatā"ti puthuvacanaṃ. Virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatīti tesaṃ saṅkhatāsaṅkhatadhammānaṃ yo virāgasaṅkhāto asaṅkhatadhammo, so sabhāveneva saṇhasukhumabhāvato santatarapaṇītatarabhāvato gambhīrādibhāvato madanimmadanādibhāvato ca aggaṃ seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ pavaranti vuccati. Yadidanti nipāto, yo ayanti attho. Madanimmadanotiādīni sabbāni nibbānavevacanāniyeva. Tathā hi taṃ āgamma mānamadapurisamadādiko sabbo mado nimmadīyati pamaddīyati, kāmapipāsādikā sabbā pipāsā vinīyati, kāmālayādikā sabbepi ālayā samugghātīyanti, sabbepi kammavaṭṭakilesavaṭṭavipākavaṭṭā upacchijjanti, aṭṭhasatabhedā sabbāpi taṇhā khīyati, sabbepi kilesā virajjanti, sabbaṃ dukkhaṃ nirujjhati, tasmā madanimmadano - pe - nirodhoti vuccati. Yā panesā taṇhā bhavena bhavaṃ, phalena kammaṃ vinati saṃsibbatīti katvā vānanti vuccati. Taṃ vānaṃ ettha natthi, etasmiṃ vā adhigate ariyapuggalassa na hotīti nibbānaṃ.

Aggo vipāko hotīti etthāpi –

"Ye keci dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse - pe -. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);

"Dhammoti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti - pe -.

"Sādhu kho, devānaminda, dhammaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti. Dhammaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho, devānaminda, evamidhekacce - pe - dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehī"ti (saṃ. ni. 4.341) –

Evamādīnaṃ suttapadānaṃ vasena dhamme pasādassa phalavisesayogo veditabbo. Evamettha asaṅkhatadhammavaseneva aggabhāvo āgato, sabbasaṅkhatanissaraṇadassanatthaṃ ariyamaggavasenapi ayamattho labbhateva. Vuttañhetaṃ –

"Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī"ti (a. ni. 4.34).

"Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho"ti ca. (Dha. pa. 273).

Saṅghā vā gaṇā vāti janasamūhasaṅkhātā yāvatā loke saṅghā vā gaṇā vā. Tathāgatasāvakasaṅghoti aṭṭhaariyapuggalasamūhasaṅkhāto diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhato tathāgatassa sāvakasaṅgho. Tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatīti attano sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttiādiguṇavisesena tesaṃ saṅghānaṃ aggo seṭṭho uttamo pavaroti vuccati. Yadidanti yāni imāni. Cattāri purisayugānīti yugaḷavasena paṭhamamaggaṭṭho paṭhamaphalaṭṭhoti idamekaṃ yugaḷaṃ, yāva catutthamaggaṭṭho catutthaphalaṭṭhoti idamekaṃ yugaḷanti evaṃ cattāri purisayugāni. Aṭṭha purisapuggalāti purisapuggalavasena eko paṭhamamaggaṭṭho eko paṭhamaphalaṭṭhoti iminā nayena aṭṭha purisapuggalā. Ettha ca purisoti vā puggaloti vā ekatthāni etāni padāni, veneyyavasena panevaṃ vuttaṃ. Esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅghoti yānimāni yugavasena cattāri purisayugāni, pāṭekkato aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho.

Āhuneyyotiādīsu ānetvā hunitabbanti āhunaṃ, dūratopi āgantvā sīlavantesu dātabbanti attho. Catunnaṃ paccayānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Mahapphalabhāvakaraṇato taṃ āhunaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ yuttoti āhuneyyo. Atha vā dūratopi āgantvā sabbaṃ sāpateyyampi ettha hunitabbaṃ, sakkādīnampi āhavanaṃ arahatīti vā āhavanīyo. Yo cāyaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ āhavanīyo nāma aggi, yattha hutaṃ mahapphalanti tesaṃ laddhi, so ce hutassa mahapphalatāya āhavanīyo, saṅghova āhavanīyo. Saṅghe hutañhi mahapphalaṃ hoti. Yathāha –

"Yo ca vassasataṃ jantu, aggiṃ paricare vane;

Ekañca bhāvitattānaṃ, muhuttamapi pūjaye;

Sā eva pūjanā seyyo, yañce vassasataṃ huta"nti. (dha. pa. 107);

Tayidaṃ nikāyantare "āhavanīyo"ti padaṃ idha "āhuneyyo"ti iminā padena atthato ekaṃ, byañjanato pana kiñcimattameva nānaṃ, tasmā evamatthavaṇṇanā katā.

Pāhuneyyoti ettha pana pāhunaṃ vuccati disāvidisato āgatānaṃ piyamanāpānaṃ ñātimittānaṃ atthāya sakkārena paṭiyattaṃ āgantukadānaṃ, tampi ṭhapetvā te tathārūpe pāhunake saṅghasseva dātuṃ yuttaṃ. Tathā hesa ekabuddhantarepi dissati abbokiṇṇañca. Ayaṃ panettha padattho – "piyamanāpattakarehi dhammehi samannāgato"ti evaṃ pāhunamassa dātuṃ yuttaṃ, pāhunañca paṭiggahetuṃ yuttoti pāhuneyyo. Yesaṃ pana pāhavanīyoti pāḷi, tesaṃ yasmā saṅgho pubbakāraṃ arahati, tasmā saṅgho sabbapaṭhamaṃ ānetvā ettha hunitabbanti pāhavanīyo, sabbappakārena vā āhavanaṃ arahatīti pāhavanīyo. Svāyamidha teneva atthena pāhuneyyoti vuccati.

"Dakkhiṇā"ti paralokaṃ saddahitvā dātabbadānaṃ, taṃ dakkhiṇaṃ arahati dakkhiṇāya vā hito mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena visodhanatoti dakkhiṇeyyo. Ubho hatthe sirasi patiṭṭhapetvā sabbalokena kariyamānaṃ añjalikammaṃ arahatīti añjalikaraṇīyo. Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti sabbalokassa asadisaṃ puññavirūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Yathā hi rattasālīnaṃ vā yavānaṃ vā virūhanaṭṭhānaṃ "rattasālikkhettaṃ yavakkhetta"nti vuccati, evaṃ saṅgho sadevakassa lokassa puññavirūhanaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅghaṃ nissāya hi lokassa nānappakārahitasukhanibbattakāni puññāni virūhanti, tasmā saṅgho anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Idhāpi –

"Ye keci saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse - pe -. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);

"Saṅghoti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti - pe -".

"Sādhu kho, devānaminda, saṅghaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda - pe - dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehī"ti (saṃ. ni. 4.341) –

Ādīnaṃ suttapadānaṃ vasena saṅghe pasādassa phalavisesayogo, tenassa aggatā aggavipākatā ca veditabbā. Tathā anuttariyapaṭilābho sattamabhavādito paṭṭhāya vaṭṭadukkhasamucchedo anuttarasukhādhigamoti evamādiuḷāraphalanipphādanavasena aggavipākatā veditabbā.

Gāthāsu aggatoti agge ratanattaye, aggabhāvato vā pasannānaṃ. Aggaṃ dhammanti aggasabhāvaṃ buddhasubuddhataṃ dhammasudhammataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiṃ ratanattayassa anaññasādhāraṇaṃ uttamasabhāvaṃ, dasabalādisvākkhātatādisuppaṭipannatādiguṇasabhāvaṃ vā vijānataṃ vijānantānaṃ. Evaṃ sādhāraṇato aggappasādavatthuṃ dassetvā idāni asādhāraṇato taṃ vibhāgena dassetuṃ "agge buddhe"tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha pasannānanti aveccappasādena itarappasādena ca pasannānaṃ adhimuttānaṃ. Virāgūpasameti virāge upasame ca, sabbassa rāgassa sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ accantavirāgahetubhūte accantaupasamahetubhūte cāti attho. Sukheti vaṭṭadukkhakkhayabhāvena saṅkhārūpasamasukhabhāvena ca sukhe.

Aggasmiṃ dānaṃ dadatanti agge ratanattaye dānaṃ dentānaṃ deyyadhammaṃ pariccajantānaṃ. Tattha dharamānaṃ bhagavantaṃ catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahantā pūjentā sakkarontā parinibbutañca bhagavantaṃ uddissa dhātucetiyādike upaṭṭhahantā pūjentā sakkarontā buddhe dānaṃ dadanti nāma. "Dhammaṃ pūjessāmā"ti dhammadhare puggale catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahantā pūjentā sakkarontā dhammañca ciraṭṭhitikaṃ karontā dhamme dānaṃ dadanti nāma. Tathā ariyasaṅghaṃ catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahantā pūjentā sakkarontā taṃ uddissa itarasmimpi tathā paṭipajjantā saṅghe dānaṃ dadanti nāma. Aggaṃ puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatīti evaṃ ratanattaye pasannena cetasā uḷāraṃ pariccāgaṃ uḷārañca pūjāsakkāraṃ pavattentānaṃ divase divase aggaṃ uḷāraṃ kusalaṃ upacīyati. Idāni tassa puññassa aggavipākatāya aggabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ "aggaṃ āyū"tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha aggaṃ āyūti dibbaṃ vā mānusaṃ vā aggaṃ uḷāratamaṃ āyu. Pavaḍḍhatīti uparūpari brūhati. Vaṇṇoti rūpasampadā. Yasoti parivārasampadā. Kittīti thutighoso. Sukhanti kāyikaṃ cetasikañca sukhaṃ. Balanti kāyabalaṃ ñāṇabalañca.

Aggassa dātāti aggassa ratanattayassa dātā, atha vā aggassa deyyadhammassa dānaṃ uḷāraṃ katvā tattha puññaṃ pavattetā. Aggadhammasamāhitoti aggena pasādadhammena dānādidhammena ca samāhito samannāgato acalappasādayutto, tassa vā vipākabhūtehi bahujanassa piyamanāpatādidhammehi yutto. Aggappatto pamodatīti yattha yattha sattanikāye uppanno, tattha tattha aggabhāvaṃ seṭṭhabhāvaṃ adhigato, aggabhāvaṃ vā lokuttaramaggaphalaṃ adhigato pamodati abhiramati paritussatīti.

Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.