Saraṇagamanakathāvaṇṇanā Таблица

Idāni tesu saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ, saraṇagamanaṃ. Yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati, saraṇagamanappabhedo, saraṇagamanassa phalaṃ, saṃkileso, bhedoti ayaṃ vidhi veditabbo. Seyyathidaṃ – padatthato tāva hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ, saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiparikilesaṃ hanati vināsetīti attho, ratanattayassevetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.

Atha vā hite pavattanena ahitā ca nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati buddho. Bhavakantārā uttāraṇena assāsadānena ca dhammo. Appakānampi kārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena saṅgho. Tasmā imināpi pariyāyena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ. Tappasādataggarutāhi vihatakileso tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ. Taṃsamaṅgisatto saraṇaṃ gacchati, vuttappakārena cittuppādena etāni me tīṇi saraṇāni saraṇaṃ, etāni parāyaṇanti evaṃ upetīti attho. Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchatīti idaṃ tayaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Saraṇagamanappabhede pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca. Tattha lokuttaraṃ diṭṭhasaccānaṃ maggakkhaṇe saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedena ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati. Lokiyaṃ puthujjanānaṃ saraṇagamanupakkilesavikkhambhanena ārammaṇato buddhādiguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā ijjhati, taṃ atthato buddhādīsu vatthūsu saddhāpaṭilābho, saddhāmūlikā ca sammādiṭṭhi dasasu puññakiriyavatthūsu diṭṭhijukammanti vuccati.

Tayidaṃ catudhā pavattati attasanniyyātanena tapparāyaṇatāya sissabhāvūpagamanena paṇipātenāti. Tattha attasanniyyātanaṃ nāma "ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa niyyātemi, dhammassa, saṅghassā"ti evaṃ buddhādīnaṃ attapariccajanaṃ. Tapparāyaṇatā nāma "ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhaparāyaṇo, dhammaparāyaṇo, saṅghaparāyaṇo iti maṃ dhārethā"ti evaṃ tapparāyaṇabhāvo. Sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ nāma "ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhassa antevāsiko, dhammassa, saṅghassāti maṃ dhārethā"ti evaṃ sissabhāvūpagamo. Paṇipāto nāma "ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ vatthūnaṃ karomi, iti maṃ dhārethā"ti evaṃ buddhādīsu paramanipaccakāro. Imesañhi catunnaṃ ākārānaṃ aññatarampi karontena gahitaṃyeva hoti saraṇagamanaṃ.

Apica bhagavato attānaṃ pariccajāmi, dhammassa, saṅghassa attānaṃ pariccajāmi. Jīvitaṃ pariccajāmi, pariccattoyeva me attā, pariccattaṃyeva me jīvitaṃ, jīvitapariyantikaṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, buddho me saraṇaṃ leṇaṃ tāṇanti evampi attasanniyyātanaṃ veditabbaṃ. "Satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ, sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ, sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyya"nti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) evampi mahākassapassa saraṇagamanaṃ viya sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

"So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ;

Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, dhammassa ca sudhammata"nti. (su. ni. 194; saṃ. ni. 1.246) –

Evampi āḷavakādīnaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ viya tapparāyaṇatā veditabbā. "Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti brahmāyu ahaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo, brahmāyu ahaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo"ti (ma. ni. 2.394) evampi paṇipāto daṭṭhabbo.

So panesa ñātibhayācariyadakkhiṇeyyavasena catubbidho hoti. Tattha dakkhiṇeyyapaṇipātena saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, na itarehi. Seṭṭhavaseneva hi saraṇaṃ gayhati, seṭṭhavasena bhijjati, tasmā yo sākiyo vā koliyo vā "buddho amhākaṃ ñātako"ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo vā "samaṇo gotamo rājapūjito mahānubhāvo, avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyā"ti bhayena vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo vā bodhisattakāle bhagavato santike kiñci uggahitaṃ saramāno buddhakāle vā –

"Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;

Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī"ti. (dī. ni. 3.265) –

Evarūpaṃ anusāsaniṃ uggahetvā "ācariyo me"ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo pana "ayaṃ loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo"ti vandati, teneva gahitaṃ hoti saraṇaṃ.

Evaṃ gahitasaraṇassa ca upāsakassa vā upāsikāya vā aññatitthiyesu pabbajitampi ñātiṃ "ñātako me aya"nti vandato saraṇagamanaṃ na bhijjati, pageva apabbajitaṃ. Tathā rājānaṃ bhayavasena vandato, so hi raṭṭhapūjitattā avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyāti. Tathā yaṃkiñci sippaṃ sikkhāpakaṃ titthiyaṃ "ācariyo me aya"nti vandatopi na bhijjatīti evaṃ saraṇagamanappabhedo veditabbo.

Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraṇagamanassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni vipākaphalaṃ, sabbadukkhakkhayo ānisaṃsaphalaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –

"Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato;

Cattāri ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati.

Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;

Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.

Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ;

Etaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī"ti. (dha. pa. 190-192);

Apica niccato anupagamanādivasena petassa ānisaṃsaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ, "aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kañci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya, sukhato upagaccheyya, kañci dhammaṃ attato upagaccheyya, mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya, pitaraṃ arahantaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, duṭṭhacitto tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppādeyya, saṅghaṃ bhindeyya, aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī"ti (ma. ni. 3.128; a. ni. 1.268-276).

Lokiyassa pana saraṇagamanassa bhavasampadāpi bhogasampadāpi phalameva. Vuttañhetaṃ –

"Yekeci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse,

Na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;

Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ,

Devakāyaṃ paripūressantī"ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.37);

Aparampi vuttaṃ "atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno, tenupasaṅkami - pe - ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca 'sādhu kho devānaminda buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī'ti. Te aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena sukhena yasena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi saddehi gandhehi rasehi phoṭṭhabbehī"ti (saṃ. ni. 4.341). Esa nayo dhamme saṅghe ca. Apica velāmasuttādivasenāpi (a. ni. 9.20) saraṇagamanassa phalaviseso veditabbo. Evaṃ saraṇagamanaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Tattha lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ tīsu vatthūsu aññāṇasaṃsayamicchāñāṇādīhi saṃkilissati, na mahājutikaṃ hoti, na mahāvipphāraṃ. Lokuttarassa natthi saṃkileso. Lokiyassa ca saraṇagamanassa duvidho bhedo sāvajjo anavajjo ca. Tattha sāvajjo aññasatthārādīsu attasanniyyātanādīhi hoti, so aniṭṭhaphalo. Anavajjo kālaṃ kiriyāya, so avipākattā aphalo. Lokuttarassa pana nevatthi bhedo. Bhavantarepi hi ariyasāvako aññasatthāraṃ na uddisatīti evaṃ saraṇagamanassa saṃkileso ca bhedo ca veditabboti. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretūti maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo "upāsako aya"nti evaṃ dhāretu, jānātūti attho.

Saraṇagamanakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.