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СНп 1.7 Наставление о подонке Перевод Палийский оригинал

пали Kennet Norman - english Piyadassi thera - english khantibalo - русский Комментарии
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Thus have I heard. Once the Blessed One was staying at Savatthi in the Jetavana in Anathapindika's park. Thus have I heard: On one occasion the Blessed One was living near Savatthi at Jetavana at Anathapindika's monastery. Так я слышал: однажды Благословенный проживал в Саваттхи, в роще Джеты, в монастыре Анатхапиндики.
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Then in the morning, having dressed himself and taken bowl and robe, the Blessed One entered Savatthi to beg. Then in the forenoon the Blessed One having dressed himself, took bowl and (double) robe, and entered the city of Savatthi for alms. И тогда рано утром, одевшись и взяв свой сосуд для еды и одеяние, Благословенный вошёл в Саваттхи для сбора подаяния.
Tena kho pana samayena aggikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa nivesane aggi pajjalito hoti āhuti paggahitā. At that time the sacrificial fire was burning in the house of the brahman Aggikabharadvaja, [and] the offering was held aloft. Now at that time a fire was burning, and an offering was being prepared in the house of the brahman Aggikabharadvaja. В то время в жилище брахмана Аггикабхарадваджи пылал [жертвенный] огонь и было выставлено подношение.
Atha kho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena aggikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Then the Blessed One, going on an uninterrupted begging round in Savatthi, came to the house of the brahman Aggikabharadvaja. Then the Blessed One, while on his alms round, came to the brahman's residence. Благословенный, последовательно обходя [дом за домом] в поисках подаяния, подошел к жилищу брахмана.
Addasā kho aggikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. The brahman Aggikabharadvaja saw the Blessed One coming from afar off, The brahman seeing the Blessed One some way off, Брахман Аггикабхарадваджа увидел Благословенного, идущего издалека.
Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – "tatreva [atreva (syā. ka.)], muṇḍaka; tatreva, samaṇaka; tatreva, vasalaka tiṭṭhāhī"ti. and said this to him: 'Stop there, shaveling; stop there, wretched ascetic; stop there, outcaste.' said this: "Stay there, you shaveling, stay there you wretched monk, stay there you outcast." Увидев, он сказал Благословенному: "Остановись там, бритоголовый! Остановись там, низменный отшельник! Остановись там, подонок!". По смыслу для vasala также подходит "отброс".
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Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā aggikabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – "jānāsi pana tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vasalaṃ vā vasalakaraṇe vā dhamme"ti? When this was said, the Blessed One said this to the brahman Aggikabharadvaja: 'Do you know, brahman, [what] an outcaste [is], or the things that make an outcaste?' When he spoke thus the Blessed One said to the brahman: "Do you know, brahman, who an outcast is and what the conditions are that make an outcast?" Когда так было сказано, Благословенный сказал брахману Аггикабхарадвадже: "Разве ведомо тебе, о брахман, кто является подонком и что делает [человека] подонком?".
"Na khvāhaṃ, bho gotama, jānāmi vasalaṃ vā vasalakaraṇe vā dhamme; sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu, yathāhaṃ jāneyyaṃ vasalaṃ vā vasalakaraṇe vā dhamme"ti. 'I do not know, Gotama, (what) an outcaste [is], or the things that make an outcaste. It would be a good thing for me for the venerable Gotama so to teach me the doctrine, that I may know [what] an outcaste [is] and the things that make an outcaste.' "No, indeed, Venerable Gotama, I do not know who an outcast is nor the conditions that make an outcast. It is good if Venerable Gotama were to explain the Dhamma to me so that I may know who an outcast is and what the conditions are that make an outcast. " "Нет, любезный Готама, мне неведомо, кто – подонок и что делает человека подонком; будет хорошо, если любезный Готама объяснит мне истину, чтобы я познал, кто подонок и что делает человека подонком."
"Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī"ti. 'Then listen, brahman, pay careful attention, I shall tell you.' "Listen then, brahman, and pay attention, I will speak. " "Тогда, о брахман, слушай и тщательно внимай, я буду говорить."
"Evaṃ, bho"ti kho aggikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. 'Yes, venerable one', replied the brahman Aggikabharadvaja to the Blessed One. "Yes, Venerable Sir," replied the brahman. "Да будет так, любезный", - ответил брахман Касибхарадваджа Благословенному.
Bhagavā etadavoca – Благословенный говорил так:
116.
"Kodhano upanāhī ca, pāpamakkhī ca yo naro; 116. 'What[ever] man is angry, rancorous, evil and hypocritical, 1. "Whosoever is angry, harbors hatred, and is reluctant to speak well of others (discredits the good of others), "Тот человек, кто гневлив, таит ненависть, кто порочен и принижает достоинства [других],
Vipannadiṭṭhi māyāvī, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. has wrong views [and is] deceitful, him one should know [to be an outcaste. perverted in views, deceitful — know him as an outcast. имеет низменные взгляды, склонен обманывать - знай его как подонка.
117.
"Ekajaṃ vā dvijaṃ [dijaṃ (pī.)] vāpi, yodha pāṇaṃ vihiṃsati; 117. Who[ever] in this world harms living creatures, whether once-born or twice-born, 2. "Whosoever in this world kills living beings, once born or twice born, Кто в этом мире причиняет страдания дышащим существам, однажды или дважды рождённым, в BJT типитаке va короткий - ошибка. по смыслу здесь связка "или" и va должен быть долгий. исправил
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Yassa pāṇe dayā natthi, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. who[ever] has no compassion for a living creature, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. in whom there is no sympathy for living beings — know him as an outcast. в ком нет сострадания к живому – знай его как подонка.
118.
"Yo hanti parirundhati [uparundheti (syā.), uparundhati (ka.)], gāmāni nigamāni ca; 118. Who[ever] destroys or besieges villages and towns, 3. "Whosoever destroys and besieges villages and hamlets Кто осаждает рыночные города и посёлки, кто разрушает их,
Niggāhako [nigghātako (?)] samaññāto, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. [and] is notorious as an oppressor, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. and becomes notorious as an oppressor — know him as an outcast. кто известен как угнетатель – знай его как подонка.
119.
"Gāme vā yadi vā raññe, yaṃ paresaṃ mamāyitaṃ; 119. Who[ever] in a village or a forest [and is] cherished by others 4. "Be it in the village, or in the forest, what belongs to others В лесу или в деревне, что-либо ценимое другими В CST и BJT типитаке vā raññe написаны раздельно, но это ошибка, потому что здесь должно быть vā araññe. Так получается, если написать в одно слово - ...
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Theyyā adinnamādeti [adinnaṃ ādiyati (sī. pī.)], taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. what has not been given to him takes by theft , him one should know [to be] an outcaste. whosoever steals , what is not given to him — know him as an outcast. и неданное ему, он путём кражи берёт – знай его как подонка.
120.
"Yo have iṇamādāya, cujjamāno [bhuñjamāno (?)] palāyati; 120. Who[ever] indeed having contracted a debt, when urged [to repay it] absconds, 5. "Whosoever having actually incurred a debt runs away when he is pressed to pay, Кто, взявши в долг, в ответ на требование [вернуть его] уклоняется от уплаты,
Na hi te iṇamatthīti, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. saying: "[I have] no debt to you", him one should know [to be] an outcaste. saying, 'I owe no debt to you' — know him as an outcast. говоря: "Я вовсе и не должен тебе", – знай его как подонка.
121.
"Yo ve kiñcikkhakamyatā, panthasmiṃ vajantaṃ janaṃ; 121. Who[ever] indeed because of desire for some trifle strikes a person going along the road 6. "Whosoever coveting anything, kills a person going along the road, Кто, желая какую-то мелочь, идущего по дороге человека
Hantvā kiñcikkhamādeti, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. and takes the trifle, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. and grabs whatever that person has — know him as an outcast. убив, завладевает этой мелочью – знай его как подонка.
122.
"Attahetu parahetu, dhanahetu ca [dhanahetu va (ka.)] yo naro; 122. What[ever] man for his own sake or for another's sake or for wealth, 7. "He who for his own sake or for the sake of others or for the sake of wealth, Кто, ради себя, ради других или ради богатства
Sakkhipuṭṭho musā brūti, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. speaks falsely when asked in person, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. utters lies when questioned as a witness — know him as an outcast. будучи спрошен как свидетель, лжёт – знай его как подонка.
123.
"Yo ñātīnaṃ sakhīnaṃ vā, dāresu paṭidissati; 123. Who[ever] is seen [misbehaving] among the wives of relatives or friends, 8. "Whosoever associates with the wives of relatives or friends Кто замечен [изменяющим] с жёнами родственников или друзей,
Sāhasā [sahasā (sī. syā.)] sampiyena vā, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. by force or with [their] consent, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. by force or with consent — know him as an outcast. применяя силу или с их согласия – знай его как подонка.
124.
"Yo mātaraṃ pitaraṃ vā, jiṇṇakaṃ gatayobbanaṃ; 124. Who[ever] does not support his mother or father when they are old and past their youth, 9. "Whosoever supports not his mother and father who have grown old, Кто отца или мать постаревших, чья молодость прошла,
Pahu santo na bharati, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. [although] being able him one should know [to be] an outcaste. being wealthy — know him as an outcast. будучи способен, не поддерживает – знай его как подонка.
125.
"Yo mātaraṃ pitaraṃ vā, bhātaraṃ bhaginiṃ sasuṃ; 125. Who[ever] his mother or father or brother or sister or mother-in-law 10. "Whosoever mother, father, brother, sister or mother-in-law or father-in-law Кто мать, отца, брата, сестру или тёщу
Hanti roseti vācāya, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. strikes [or] angers with [his] words, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. strikes and annoys by (harsh) speech, — know him as an outcast. бьёт или злит с помощью слов – знай его как подонка.
126.
"Yo atthaṃ pucchito santo, anatthamanusāsati; 126. Who[ever] being asked for what is profitable teaches what is profitless, 11. "Whosoever when questioned about what is good, says what is detrimental, Кто в ответ на просьбу научить полезному рассказывает бесполезное
Paṭicchannena manteti, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. [and] gives advice in an obscure manner, him one should know [to be] and outcaste. and talks in an evasive manner- know him as an outcast. и объясняет в размытой форме – знай его как подонка.
127.
"Yo katvā pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, mā maṃ jaññāti icchati [vibha. 894 passitabbaṃ] ; 127. Who[ever] having done an evil action wants no one to know that he [is responsible], 12. "Whosoever having committed an evil deed, wishes that it may not be known to others, Кто, совершив дурной поступок, желает: "Пусть никто не узнает, что это [сделал] я",
Yo paṭicchannakammanto, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. who[ever] has concealed his actions, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. and commits evil in secret — know him as an outcast. кто творит свои дела в тайне – знай его как подонка.
128.
"Yo ve parakulaṃ gantvā, bhutvāna [sutvā ca (syā. ka.)] sucibhojanaṃ; 128. Who[ever] indeed having gone to another's house [and] having eaten pure food, 13. "Whosoever having gone to another's house, and partaken of choice food, Кто, пойдя [в гости] к другой семье и отведав изысканной еды, Нужны запятые после "кто" и "еды".
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Āgataṃ nappaṭipūjeti, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. does not honour [the other] in return when he comes [to his house], him one should know [to be] an outcaste. does not honor that host by offering food when he repays the visit — know him as an outcast. не отплачивает [тем же] пришедшему [оттуда] – знай его как подонка.
129.
"Yo brāhmaṇaṃ samaṇaṃ vā, aññaṃ vāpi vanibbakaṃ; 129. Who[ever] a brahman or ascetic or even another mendicant, 14. "Whosoever a brahman or an ascetic, or any other mendicant Кто брахмана, отшельника или даже другого человека, живущего подаянием В BJT жуть 129. Yo brāhmaṇaṃ vā samaṇaṃ vā bhattakāle upaṭṭhite,
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Musāvādena vañceti, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. by speaking falsely deceives, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. deceives by uttering lies, — know him as an outcast. ложной речью обманывает – знай его как подонка.
130.
"Yo brāhmaṇaṃ samaṇaṃ vā, bhattakāle upaṭṭhite; 130. Who[ever] when mealtime has arrived with [his] words a brahman or ascetic 15. "Whosoever when a brahman or ascetic appears during mealtime Кто брахмана и отшельника, когда настало время принятия пищи
Roseti vācā na ca deti, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. angers and does not give [food], him one should know [to be] an outcaste. angers him by harsh speech, and does not offer him (any alms) — know him as an outcast. злит [грубыми] словами и не даёт [еды] – знай его как подонка.
131.
"Asataṃ yodha pabrūti, mohena paliguṇṭhito; 131. Who[ever] wrapped up in delusion relates here what has never happened, 16. "Whosoever in this world, shrouded in ignorance, speaks harsh words (asatam) or falsehood Кто, весь окутанный невежеством, здесь вещает о несуществующем,
Kiñcikkhaṃ nijigīsāno [nijigiṃsāno (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. [and] desiring some trifle [in payment] him one should know to be] an outcaste. expecting to gain something — know him as an outcast. жаждая получить какую-то мелочь, – знай его как подонка.
132.
"Yo cattānaṃ samukkaṃse, pare ca mavajānāti [mavajānati (sī. syā. pī.)] ; 132. Who[ever] both extols himself and disparages another, 17. "Whosoever exalts himself and belittles other, Кто превозносит себя и унижает других,
Nihīno sena mānena, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. inferior because of his own pride, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. debased by his pride, — know him as an outcast. низменный из-за своей собственной гордости – знай его как подонка.
133.
"Rosako kadariyo ca, pāpiccho maccharī saṭho; 133. He makes [others] angry, and is mean, desires evil, is avaricious, crafty, 18. "Whosoever is given to anger, is miserly, has base desires, and is selfish, deceitful, Кто злит [других], скупой, желает порочного, алчный, хитрый,
Ahiriko anottappī, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. immodest, shows no remorse; him one should know [to be] an outcaste. shameless and fearless (in doing evil) — know him as an outcast. бесстыдный и не боящийся совершать дурное – знай его как подонка.
134.
"Yo buddhaṃ paribhāsati, atha vā tassa sāvakaṃ; 134. Who[ever] reviles the Buddha or a disciple of his, 19. "Whosoever reviles the Enlightened One (the Buddha), or a disciple of the Buddha, Кто поносит Будду или ученика его,
Paribbājaṃ [paribbajaṃ (ka.), paribbājakaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)] gahaṭṭhaṃ vā, taṃ jaññā vasalo iti. a wanderer or a householder, him one should know [to be] an outcaste. recluse or a householder — know him as an outcast. будь он странник или домохозяин – знай его как подонка.
135.
"Yo ve anarahaṃ [anarahā (sī. pī.)] santo, arahaṃ paṭijānāti [paṭijānati (sī. syā. pī.)] ; 135. Who[ever] indeed [while] not being an arahat professes to be an arahat, 20. "Whosoever not being an arahant, a Consummate One, pretends to be so, Кто, не будучи достойным (арахантом), выставляет себя таковым -
Coro sabrahmake loke, eso kho vasalādhamo. a thief in the world including Brahma, he indeed is the lowest of the outcastes. is a thief in the whole universe — he is the lowest of outcasts. тот вор в этом мире с его Брахмой, он – самый гнусный из всех подонков.
136.
"Ete kho vasalā vuttā, mayā yete pakāsitā; These indeed are called outcastes whom I have declared to you. Эти, которых я объяснил тебе, воистину зовутся подонками.
Na jaccā vasalo hoti, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo; 136. Not by birth does one become an ortcaste, not by birth does one become a brahman. 21. "Not by birth is one an outcast; not by birth is one a brahman. Не по происхождению человек является подонком, не по происхождению он является брахманом,
Kammunā [kammanā (sī. pī.)] vasalo hoti, kammunā hoti brāhmaṇo. By [one's] action one becomes an outcaste, by [one's] action one becomes a brahman.` By deed one becomes an outcast, by deed one becomes a brahman. по поступкам он становится подонком, по поступкам он становится брахманом.
137.
"Tadamināpi jānātha, yathāmedaṃ [yathāpedaṃ (ka.)] nidassanaṃ; 137. Know it by this also, as I give this example: 22. "Know ye by the example I now cite (the fact that by birth one is not an outcast). Знай это и вот каким образом, я приведу такой пример:
Caṇḍālaputto sopāko [sapāko (?)], mātaṅgo iti vissuto. there was a low-caste Candala, well known as Matanga. There was an outcast's son, Sopaka, who became known as Matanga. жил один сын чандалы, из низкого сословия, известный как Матанга. С другой стороны, sopāko упоминается как собственное имя людей, например тут: http://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/English-Texts/Buddhist-Legends/25-...
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138.
"So yasaṃ paramaṃ patto [so yasapparamappatto (syā. ka.)], mātaṅgo yaṃ sudullabhaṃ; 138. That Matanga gained the highest fame, which is very hard to obtain. 23. "This Matanga attained the highest fame so difficult to gain. Он достиг высочайшей славы, которую крайне трудно обрести
Āgacchuṃ tassupaṭṭhānaṃ, khattiyā brāhmaṇā bahū. Many khattiyas [and] brahmans came to serve him. Many were the warriors (kshatriyas) and brahmans who went to attend on him. и многие брахманы и кшатрии приходили служить ему.
139.
"Devayānaṃ abhiruyha, virajaṃ so mahāpathaṃ; 139. He set out on the unpolluted great way which leads to the devas, 24. "Mounting the celestial chariot (the Noble Eightfold path, and driving) along the passion-free high road, (Sopaka, now a monk), Он взошёл на колесницу божеств, на незагрязнённый великий путь,
Kāmarāgaṃ virājetvā, brahmalokūpago ahu; [and] having discarded passion and sensual pleasures, he reached the world of Brahma. reached the Brahma realm having given up sense desires. отрешившись от чувственной страсти, он достиг мира брахм.
Na naṃ jāti nivāresi, brahmalokūpapattiyā. Birth did not keep him from being born in the world of Brahma. 25. "His (lowly) birth did not prevent him from being reborn in the Brahma realm. Происхождение не помешало ему возродиться в мире брахм.
140.
"Ajjhāyakakule jātā, brāhmaṇā mantabandhavā; 140. [Although] brahmans are born into a family of scholars [and] have the vedas as their kinsmen, There are brahmans born in the family of preceptors, kinsmen of (veda) hymns. Есть брахманы, рожденные в семьях наставников, и гимны - их родственники.
Te ca pāpesu kammesu, abhiṇhamupadissare. [nevertheless] they too are again and again discovered in the midst of evil deeds. 26. "They are often seen committing evil deeds. Они часто замечены за совершением дурных поступков.
141.
"Diṭṭheva dhamme gārayhā, samparāye ca duggati; 141. [They are] blameworthy in [this] world of phenomena, and a bad transition [is destined] in their future state. In this life itself they are despised, in the next they are born in an evil state of existence. В этом мире их порицают, в следующем им уготован дурной удел.
Na ne jāti nivāreti, duggatyā [duggaccā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] garahāya vā. Birth does not keep them from a bad transition or from blame. High birth does not prevent them from falling into a woeful state, or from censure. Их происхождение не спасает от дурного удела или порицания.
142.
"Na jaccā vasalo hoti, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo; 142. Not by birth does one become an outcaste, not by birth does one become a brahman. 27. "Not by birth is one an outcast; not by birth is one a brahman. Не по происхождению человек является подонком, не по происхождению он является брахманом.
Kammunā vasalo hoti, kammunā hoti brāhmaṇo"ti. By [one's] action one becomes an outcaste, by [one's] action one becomes a brahman' By deed one becomes an outcast, by deed one becomes an brahman." По поступкам он становится подонком, по поступкам он становится брахманом."
Evaṃ vutte, aggikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – "abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama When this was said, the brahman Aggikabharadvaja said this to the Blessed One: 'Wonderful, venerable Gotama, wonderful, venerable Gotama. When the Buddha had thus spoken, the Brahman Aggikabharadvaja said to the Blessed One: "Excellent, O Venerable Gotama, excellent! Когда так было сказано брахман Аггикабхарадваджа сказал Благословенному: "Превосходно, любезный Готама! Превосходно, любезный Готама!
Just as, venerable Gotama, one might set upright what has been overturned, or uncover that which has been covered, or point out the way to one who had gone astray, or bring an oil-lamp into the darkness, so that those with eyes might see shapes, in the same way the doctrine has been declared by the venerable Gotama in manifold ways. Just as, O Venerable Gotama, a man were to set upright what had been overturned, or were to reveal what had been hidden, or were to point the way to one who had gone astray, or were to hold an oil lamp in the dark so that those with eyes may see things, even so in many ways has the Venerable Gotama expounded the Dhamma, the doctrine. Как перевёрнутое ставят правильно, открывают скрытое, указывают путь заблудившемуся, вносят светильник во тьму, чтобы имеющие глаза могли видеть образы, так и любезный Готама разъяснил истину многими способами.
I go to the venerable Gotama as a refuge, and to the Doctrine, and to the Order of bhikkhus. I take refuge in the Venerable Gotama, the Dhamma, and the Sangha, the Order. Я иду к любезному Готаме, Дхамме и монашескому ордену как к прибежищу. В пирит поте тут bhagavantaṃ, в то время как в сингальском BJT издании https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sltp/Sn_utf8.html#v.142 и в нашем би...
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- pe - upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata"nti. May the venerable Gotama accept me as a lay-follower, who has taken refuge from this day forth as long as life lasts. May the Venerable Gotama accept me as a lay follower who has taken refuge from this day onwards while life lasts. Пусть любезный Готама считает меня мирским последователем, принявшим прибежище отныне и до конца жизни."
Vasalasuttaṃ sattamaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
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