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Jīrantiveti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto mallikaṃ deviṃ ārabbha kathesi.
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This religious instruction was given by the Teacher while he was in residence at Jetavana with reference to Queen Mallikā.
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Sā kira ekadivasaṃ nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ paviṭṭhā mukhaṃ dhovitvā onatasarīrā jaṅghaṃ dhovituṃ ārabhi.
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The story goes that one day Queen Mallikā entered the bathhouse, and having bathed her face, bent over and began to bathe her leg.
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Tāya ca saddhiṃyeva paviṭṭho eko vallabhasunakho atthi.
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Now her pet dog entered the bath-house with her,
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So taṃ tathā onataṃ disvā asaddhammasanthavaṃ kātuṃ ārabhi.
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and when he saw her standing there with body thus bent over, he began to misbehave with her
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Sā phassaṃ sādiyantī aṭṭhāsi.
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and she let him continue.
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Rājāpi uparipāsāde vātapānena olokento taṃ disvā tato āgatakāle "nassa, vasali, kasmā evarūpamakāsī"ti āha.
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The king looked out of a window on the upper floor of the palace and saw her. On her return he said to her, “Perish, vile woman; why did you do such a thing as that?”
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Kiṃ mayā kataṃ, devāti.
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“Why, your majesty, what have I done?”
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Sunakhena saddhiṃ santhavoti.
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“You have behaved most wrongly with a dog.”
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Natthetaṃ, devāti.
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“It is not true, your majesty.”
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Mayā sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ, nāhaṃ tava saddahissāmi, nassa, vasalīti.
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“I saw you with my own eyes. I will not believe anything you say. Perish, vile woman.”
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"Mahārāja, yo koci imaṃ koṭṭhakaṃ paviṭṭho iminā vātapānena olokentassa ekova dvidhā paññāyatī"ti abhūtaṃ kathesi.
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“Great king, it is a remarkable fact that whoever enters that bath-house appears double to whoever looks out of that window.” “You utter falsehood.”
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Deva, sace me saddahasi, etaṃ koṭṭhakaṃ pavisa, ahaṃ taṃ iminā vātapānena olokessāmīti.
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“If you will not believe me, enter the bath-house yourself, and I will look out of that window.”
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Rājā mūḷhadhātuko tassā vacanaṃ saddahitvā koṭṭhakaṃ pāvisi.
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The king was such a simpleton as to believe what she said, and entered the bath-house.
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Sāpi kho devī vātapāne ṭhatvā olokentī "andhabāla, mahārāja, kiṃ nāmetaṃ, ajikāya saddhiṃ santhavaṃ karosī"ti āha.
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The queen stood at the window and looked out. Suddenly she cried out to him, “You foolish king, what do you mean by misbehaving with a she-goat?”
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"Nāhaṃ, bhadde, evarūpaṃ karomī"ti ca vuttepi "mayā sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ, nāhaṃ tava saddahissāmī"ti āha.
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“Dear wife, I am doing no such thing.” The queen replied, “I saw you with my own eyes; I will not believe you.”
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Taṃ sutvā rājā "addhā imaṃ koṭṭhakaṃ paviṭṭho ekova dvidhā paññāyatī"ti saddahi.
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When the king heard her reply, he said, “It must be true that whoever enters this bath-house appears double.” Therefore he believed the explanation she gave him.
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Mallikā cintesi – "ayaṃ rājā andhabālatāya mayā vañcito, pāpaṃ me kataṃ, ayañca me abhūtena abbhācikkhito, idaṃ me kammaṃ satthāpi jānissati, dve aggasāvakāpi asīti mahāsāvakāpi jānissanti, aho vata me bhāriyaṃ kammaṃ kata"nti.
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Mallikā thought to herself, “I have deceived this king, because he is such a simpleton. I have committed a great sin. Moreover I have accused him falsely. The Teacher will come to know of this sin of mine, and likewise the Two Chief Disciples, and the Eighty Chief Elders. Oh, what a grievous sin have I committed!”
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Ayaṃ kira rañño asadisadāne sahāyikā ahosi.
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(According to tradition it was Mallikā who was associated with the king in the presentation to the Teacher of the Gifts beyond Compare.
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Tattha ca ekadivasaṃ katapariccāgo dhanassa cuddasakoṭiagghanako ahosi.
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On this occasion gifts valued at fourteen crores of treasure were bestowed upon the Teacher,
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Tathāgatassa setacchattaṃ nisīdanapallaṅko ādhārako pādapīṭhanti imāni pana cattāri anagghāneva ahesuṃ.
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and the Tathāgata was presented with four priceless gifts; namely, a white parasol, a couch whereon to rest, a stand, and a stool for the feet.)
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Sā maraṇakāle evarūpaṃ mahāpariccāgaṃ nānussaritvā tadeva pāpakammaṃ anussarantī kālaṃ katvā avīcimhi nibbatti.
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When Mallikā died, forgetful at the moment of death of those mighty gifts, but with full recollection of the evil deed she had committed, she was reborn in the Avīci Hell.
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Rañño pana sā ativiya piyā ahosi.
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Now Queen Mallikā was greatly beloved by the king.
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So balavasokābhibhūto tassā sarīrakiccaṃ kāretvā "nibbattaṭṭhānamassā pucchissāmī"ti satthu santikaṃ agamāsi.
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Therefore when she died, the king was completely overcome with grief. When he had duly performed the funeral rites over her body, he said to himself, “I will ask the Teacher where she has been reborn.” Accordingly he went to the Teacher.
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Satthā yathā so āgatakāraṇaṃ na sarati, tathā akāsi.
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The Teacher so contrived that he should not remember the reason why he had come to him.
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So satthu santike sāraṇīyadhammakathaṃ sutvā gehaṃ paviṭṭhakāle saritvā "ahaṃ bhaṇe mallikāya nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ pucchissāmīti satthu santikaṃ gantvā pamuṭṭho, sve puna pucchissāmī"ti punadivasepi agamāsi.
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After listening to the pleasing discourse of the Teacher he returned to his home. As soon, however, as he entered the house, he remembered why he had gone to visit the Teacher. Thought he to himself, “Assuredly it was my intention, when I set out, to ask the Teacher where Mallikā had been reborn. But as soon as I entered the Teacher’s presence, I forgot all about it. To-morrow I shall not fail to ask him.”
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Satthāpi paṭipāṭiyā satta divasāni yathā so na sarati, tathā akāsi.
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On the following day, therefore, he visited the Teacher again. But for seven days in succession the Teacher so contrived that he should not remember why he had come.
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Sāpi sattāhameva niraye paccitvā aṭṭhame divase tato cutā tusitabhavane nibbatti.
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As for Mallikā, after she had been tormented for seven days in hell, she came out thence, and was reborn in the World of the Tusita gods.
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Kasmā panassa satthā asaraṇabhāvaṃ akāsīti?
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(Now why was it that the Teacher caused the king to forget his question for seven days in succession?
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Sā kira tassa ativiya piyā ahosi manāpā, tasmā tassā niraye nibbattabhāvaṃ sutvā "sace evarūpā saddhāsampannā niraye nibbattā, dānaṃ datvā kiṃ karissāmī"ti micchādiṭṭhiṃ gahetvā pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ gehe pavattaṃ niccabhattaṃ harāpetvā niraye nibbatteyya, tenassa satthā sattāhaṃ asaraṇabhāvaṃ katvā aṭṭhame divase piṇḍāya caranto sayameva rājakuladvāraṃ agamāsi.
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Tradition tells us that Mallikā was greatly beloved by the king, the very joy of his heart. Therefore had the king learned that she had been reborn in Hell, he would have said to himself, “If a woman endowed with faith so perfect has been reborn in Hell after presenting offerings so abundant, what chance is there for me?” He would therefore have adopted false views, would have discontinued the constant offerings of food to the five hundred [29.342] monks, and would finally have been reborn in Hell himself. For this reason the Teacher caused the king to forget his question for seven days in succession.) On the eighth day the Teacher set out alone on an alms-pilgrimage, and went to the door of the king’s residence.
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Rājā "satthā āgato"ti sutvā nikkhamitvā pattaṃ ādāya pāsādaṃ abhiruhituṃ ārabhi.
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When the king heard that the Teacher was come, he went forth and took his bowl and began to mount up to the terrace of the palace.
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Satthā pana rathasālāya nisīdituṃ ākāraṃ dassesi.
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But the Teacher made as if he desired to sit down in the chariot-hall.
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Rājā satthāraṃ tattheva nisīdāpetvā yāgukhajjakena paṭimānetvā vanditvā nisinnova ahaṃ, bhante, mallikāya deviyā nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ pucchissāmīti gantvā pamuṭṭho, kattha nu kho sā, bhante, nibbattāti.
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Therefore the king provided him with a seat in the chariot-hall and reverently served him with food both hard and soft. Having so done, he paid obeisance to him and sat down. “Reverend Sir,” said he; “when I visited you, this thought was in my mind, ‘I will ask the Teacher where Mallikā my queen has been reborn.’ Reverend Sir, tell me where she was reborn.”
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Tusitabhavane, mahārājāti, bhante, tāya tusitabhavane anibbattantiyā ko añño nibbattissati, bhante, natthi tāya sadisā itthī.
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“In the World of the Tusita gods, great king.”
“Reverend Sir,” said the king, “had Queen Mallikā not been reborn in the World of the Tusita gods, who else could ever have been reborn there? Reverend Sir, there never lived a woman like her;
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Tassā hi nisinnaṭṭhānādīsu "sve tathāgatassa idaṃ dassāmi, idaṃ karissāmī"ti dānasaṃvidhānaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ kiccameva natthi, bhante, tassā paralokaṃ gatakālato paṭṭhāya sarīraṃ me na vahatīti.
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wherever she sat, wherever she stood, {3.122} these words were ever on her lips, ‘To-morrow I will give this to the Tathāgata; to-morrow I will do this for the Tathāgata.’ She cared for naught else but to make provision of offerings. Reverend Sir, ever since she went to the other world, my own person has been non-existent.”
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Atha naṃ satthā "mā cintayi, mahārāja, sabbesaṃ dhuvadhammo aya"nti vatvā "ayaṃ, mahārāja, ratho kassā"ti pucchi.
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Said the Teacher, “Great king, do not grieve; this is the immutable law of all living beings.” Then the Teacher asked the king, “Great king, whose chariot is this?”
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Taṃ sutvā rājā sirasmiṃ añjaliṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā "pitāmahassa me, bhante"ti āha.
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“My grandfather’s, Reverend Sir.”
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"Ayaṃ kassā"ti?
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“Whose is this?”
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"Pitu me, bhante"ti.
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“My father’s, Reverend Sir.”
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"Ayaṃ pana ratho kassā"ti?
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“But whose chariot is this?”
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"Mama, bhante"ti.
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“My own, Reverend Sir.”
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Evaṃ vutte satthā, "mahārāja, tava pitāmahassa ratho tenevākārena tava pitu rathaṃ na pāpuṇi, tava pitu ratho tava rathaṃ na pāpuṇi, evarūpassa nāma kaṭṭhakaliṅgarassāpi jarā āgacchati, kimaṅgaṃ pana attabhāvassa.
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When the king had thus answered his questions, the Teacher said, “Great king, just as your father’s chariot has outlasted your grandfather’s chariot, so also has your own chariot outlasted your father’s chariot. Thus does decay draw nigh unto this worthless chaff. But even more does decay wear away this body.
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Mahārāja, sappurisadhammasseva hi jarā natthi, sattā pana ajīrakā nāma natthī"ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
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Great king, righteousness alone does not wear away, but of living beings there are none that wear not away.” So saying, he pronounced the following Stanza,
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151.
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"Jīranti ve rājarathā sucittā,
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151. The gayly painted chariots of kings wear out;
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Atho sarīrampi jaraṃ upeti;
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likewise does the body wear out.
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Satañca dhammo na jaraṃ upeti,
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But the state of the good wears not away;
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Santo have sabbhi pavedayantī"ti.
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the good proclaim this to the good.
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Tattha veti nipāto.
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Sucittāti sattahi ratanehi aparehi ca rathālaṅkārehi suṭṭhu cittitā rājūnaṃ rathāpi jīranti.
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Sarīrampīti na kevalaṃ rathā eva, idaṃ suppaṭijaggitaṃ sarīrampi khaṇḍiccādīni pāpuṇantaṃ jaraṃ upeti.
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Satañcāti buddhādīnaṃ pana santānaṃ navavidho lokuttaradhammo ca kiñci upaghātaṃ na upetīti na jaraṃ upeti nāma.
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Pavedayantīti evaṃ santo buddhādayo sabbhi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ kathentīti attho.
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Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
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Mallikādevīvatthu chaṭṭhaṃ.
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