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| 867.Nirodhasamāpattisamāpajjanasamatthatāti na kevalañca ariyaphalarasānubhavanaṃyeva, ayaṃ pana nirodhasamāpattiyā samāpajjanasamatthatāpi imissā paññābhāvanāya ānisaṃsoti veditabbo. | 16.And not only the experience of the taste of the noble fruit but also the ability to attain the attainment of cessation should be understood as a benefit of the development of understanding. | |
| Tatridaṃ nirodhasamāpattiyā vibhāvanatthaṃ pañhākammaṃ – kā nirodhasamāpatti, ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjanti, kattha samāpajjanti, kasmā samāpajjanti, kathañcassā samāpajjanaṃ hoti, kathaṃ ṭhānaṃ, kathaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ, vuṭṭhitassa kiṃninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, matassa ca samāpannassa ca ko viseso, nirodhasamāpatti kiṃ saṅkhatā asaṅkhatā lokiyā lokuttarā nipphannā anipphannāti? | 17. Now, in order to explain the attainment of cessation there is this set of questions: (i) What is the attainment of cessation? (ii) Who attains it? (iii) Who do not attain it? (iv) Where do they attain it? (v) Why do they attain it? (vi) How does its attainment come about? (vii) How is it made to last? (viii) How does the emergence from it come about? (ix) Towards what does the mind of one who has emerged tend? (x) What is the difference between one who has attained it and one who is dead? (xi) Is the attainment of cessation formed or unformed, mundane or supramundane, produced or unproduced? | |
| 868.Tattha kā nirodhasamāpattīti yā anupubbanirodhavasena cittacetasikānaṃ dhammānaṃ appavatti. | 18. Herein, (i) What is the attainment of cessation? It is the non-occurrence of consciousness and its concomitants owing to their progressive cessation. | |
| Ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjantīti sabbepi puthujjanā, sotāpannā, sakadāgāmino, sukkhavipassakā ca anāgāmino, arahanto na samāpajjanti. | (ii) Who attains it? (iii) Who do not attain it? No ordinary men, no stream- enterers or once-returners, and no non-returners and Arahants who are bare- insight workers attain it. | |
| Aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino pana anāgāmino, khīṇāsavā ca samāpajjanti. | But both non-returners and those with cankers destroyed (Arahants) who are obtainers of the eight attainments attain it. | |
| "Dvīhi balehi samannāgatattā, tayo ca saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā, soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi, navahi samādhicariyāhi vasībhāvatā paññā nirodhasamāpattiyā ñāṇa"nti (paṭi. ma. mātikā 1.34) hi vuttaṃ. | For it is said: “Understanding that is mastery, owing to possession of two powers, to the tranquilization of three formations, to sixteen kinds of exercise of knowledge, and to nine kinds of exercise of concentration, is knowledge of the attainment of cessation” (Paṭis I 97). | |
| Ayañca sampadā ṭhapetvā aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino anāgāmikhīṇāsave aññesaṃ natthi. | And these qualifications are not to be found together in any persons other than non-returners and those whose cankers are destroyed, who are obtainers of the eight attainments. | |
| Tasmā teyeva samāpajjanti, na aññe. | That is why only they and no others attain it. | |
| 869.Katamāni panettha dve balāni - pe - katamā vasībhāvatāti? | 19.But which are the two powers? And the [three formations] … and mastery? | |
| Na ettha kiñci amhehi vattabbaṃ atthi. | Here there is no need for us to say anything; | |
| Sabbamidaṃ etassa uddesassa niddese vuttameva. | for it has all been said in the description of the summary [quoted above], | |
| Yathāha – | according as it is said: | |
| "Dvīhibalehīti dve balāni samathabalaṃ vipassanābalaṃ. | 20. “Of the two powers: of the two powers, the serenity power and the insight power. | |
| Katamaṃ samathabalaṃ? | “What is serenity as a power? | |
| Nekkhammavasena cittassa ekaggatā avikkhepo samathabalaṃ. | The unification of the mind and non-distraction due to renunciation are serenity as a power. | |
| Abyāpādavasena… ālokasaññāvasena… avikkhepavasena - pe - paṭinissaggānupassiassāsavasena… paṭinissaggānupassipassāsavasena cittassa ekaggatā avikkhepo samathabalanti. | The unification of the mind and non-distraction due to non-ill will are serenity as a power. The unification of the mind and non-distraction due to perception of light … [to non-distraction … to defining of states (dhamma) … to knowledge … to gladness … to the eight attainments, the ten kasiṇas, the ten recollections, the nine charnel-ground contemplations, and the thirty-two modes of mindfulness of breathing]8 … the unification of the mind and non-distraction due to breathing out in one who is contemplating relinquishment9 is serenity as a power. |
Comm. NT: 9. The serenity shown here is access concentration (see Vism-mhṭ 899). Все комментарии (2) |
| Kenaṭṭhena samathabalaṃ? | 21. “In what sense is serenity a power? | |
| Paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇe na kampatīti samathabalaṃ. | Owing to the first jhāna it does not waver on account of the hindrances, thus serenity is a power. | |
| Dutiyajjhānena vitakkavicāre - pe - nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya na kampatīti samathabalaṃ. | Owing to the second jhāna it does not waver on account of applied and sustained thought, thus serenity is a power … (etc.) … Owing to the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception it does not waver on account of the perception of the base consisting of nothingness, thus serenity is a power. | |
| Uddhacce ca uddhaccasahagatakilese ca khandhe ca na kampati na calati na vedhatīti samathabalaṃ. | It does not waver and vacillate and hesitate on account of agitation and on account of the defilements and the aggregates that accompany agitation, thus serenity is a power. | |
| Idaṃ samathabalaṃ. | This is the serenity power. | |
| "Katamaṃ vipassanābalaṃ? | 22.“What is insight as a power? | |
| Aniccānupassanā vipassanābalaṃ. | Contemplation of impermanence is insight as a power. | |
| Dukkhānupassanā… anattānupassanā… nibbidānupassanā… virāgānupassanā… nirodhānupassanā… paṭinissaggānupassanā vipassanābalaṃ. | Contemplation of pain … Contemplation of not-self … Contemplation of dispassion … Contemplation of fading away … Contemplation of cessation … Contemplation of relinquishment is insight as a power. | |
| Rūpe aniccānupassanā - pe - rūpe paṭinissaggānupassanā vipassanābalaṃ. | Contemplation of impermanence in materiality … (etc.) … Contemplation of relinquishment in materiality is insight as a power. | |
| Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe… cakkhusmiṃ - pe - jarāmaraṇe aniccānupassanā. | Contemplation of impermanence in feeling … in perception … in formations … in consciousness is insight as a power … Contemplation of relinquishment in consciousness is insight as a power. Contemplation of impermanence in the eye … (etc., see XX.9) … Contemplation of impermanence in ageing-and-death … (etc.) … | |
| Jarāmaraṇe paṭinissaggānupassanā vipassanābalanti. | Contemplation of relinquishment in ageing-and-death is insight as a power. | |
| Kenaṭṭhena vipassanābalaṃ? | 23. “In what sense is insight a power? | |
| Aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāya na kampatīti vipassanābalaṃ. | Owing to the contemplation of impermanence it does not waver on account of perception of permanence, thus insight is a power. | |
| Dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññāya na kampatīti… anattānupassanāya attasaññāya na kampatīti… nibbidānupassanāya nandiyā na kampatīti… virāgānupassanāya rāge na kampatīti… nirodhānupassanāya samudaye na kampatīti… paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādāne na kampatīti vipassanābalaṃ. | Owing to the contemplation of pain it does not waver on account of perception of pleasure … Owing to the contemplation of not-self it does not waver on account of the perception of self … Owing to the contemplation of dispassion it does not waver on account of delight … Owing to the contemplation of fading away it does not waver on account of greed … Owing to the contemplation of cessation it does not waver on account of arising … Owing to the contemplation of relinquishment it does not waver on account of grasping, thus insight is a power. | |
| Avijjāya ca avijjāsahagatakilese ca khandhe ca na kampati na calati na vedhatīti vipassanābalaṃ. | It does not waver and vacillate and hesitate on account of ignorance and on account of the defilements and the aggregates that accompany ignorance, | |
| Idaṃ vipassanābalaṃ. | thus insight is a power. | |
| "Tayo ca saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyāti katamesaṃ tiṇṇannaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā? | 24.“Owing to the tranquilization of three formations: owing to the tranquilization of what three formations? | |
| Dutiyajjhānaṃ samāpannassa vitakkavicārā vacīsaṅkhārā paṭippassaddhā honti. | In one who has attained the second jhāna the verbal formations consisting in applied and sustained thought are quite tranquilized. | |
| Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa assāsapassāsā kāyasaṅkhārā paṭippassaddhā honti. | In one who has attained the fourth jhāna the bodily formations consisting in in-breaths and out- breaths are quite tranquilized. | |
| Saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca cittasaṅkhārā paṭippassaddhā honti. | In one who has attained cessation of perception and feeling the mental formations consisting in feeling and perception are quite tranquilized. | |
| Imesaṃ tiṇṇannaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā. | It is owing to the tranquilization of these three formations. | |
| "Soḷasahiñāṇacariyāhīti katamāhi soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi? | 25. “Owing to sixteen kinds of exercise of knowledge: owing to what sixteen kinds of exercise of knowledge? | |
| Aniccānupassanā ñāṇacariyā. | Contemplation of impermanence is a kind of exercise of knowledge. | |
| Dukkhā… anattā… nibbidā… virāgā… nirodhā… paṭinissaggā… vivaṭṭānupassanā ñāṇacariyā. | Contemplation of pain … Contemplation of not-self … Contemplation of dispassion … Contemplation of fading away … Contemplation of cessation … Contemplation of relinquishment … Contemplation of turning away is a kind of exercise of knowledge. | |
| Sotāpattimaggo ñāṇacariyā. | The stream-entry path is a kind of exercise of knowledge. | |
| Sotāpattiphalasamāpatti ñāṇacariyā. | The attainment of the fruition of stream-entry … | |
| Sakadāgāmimaggo - pe - arahattaphalasamāpatti ñāṇacariyā. | The once-return path … The attainment of the fruition of once-return … The non- return path … The attainment of the fruition of non-return … The Arahant path … The attainment of the fruition of Arahantship is a kind of exercise of knowledge. | |
| Imāhi soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhi. | It is owing to these sixteen kinds of exercise of knowledge. | |
| "Navahi samādhicariyāhīti katamāhi navahi samādhicariyāhi? | 26. “Owing to nine kinds of exercise of concentration: owing to what nine kinds of exercise of concentration? | |
| Paṭhamajjhānaṃ samādhicariyā. | The first jhāna is a kind of exercise of concentration. | |
| Dutiyajjhānaṃ - pe - nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpatti samādhicariyā. | The second jhāna … [The third jhāna … The fourth jhāna … Th e attainment of the base consisting of boundless space … The attainment of the base consisting of boundless consciousness … The attainment of the base consisting of nothingness … ]. The attainment of the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception is a kind of exercise of concentration. | |
| Paṭhamajjhānapaṭilābhatthāya vitakko ca vicāro ca pīti ca sukhañca cittekaggatā ca - pe - nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiṃ paṭilābhatthāya vitakko ca vicāro ca pīti ca sukhañca cittekaggatā ca. | And the applied thought and sustained thought and happiness and bliss and unification of mind that have the purpose of attaining the first jhāna … (etc.) … And the applied thought and sustained thought and happiness and bliss and unification of mind that have the purpose of attaining the attainment of the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception. | |
| Imāhi navahi samādhicariyāhi. | It is owing to these nine kinds of exercise of concentration.10 |
Comm. NT: 10. The nine are the four fine-material jhānas, the four immaterial jhānas, and the access concentration preceding each of the eight attainm... Все комментарии (1) |
| "Vasīti pañca vasiyo – āvajjanavasī, samāpajjanavasī, adhiṭṭhānavasī, vuṭṭhānavasī, paccavekkhaṇavasī. | 27.“Mastery: there are five kinds of mastery. There is mastery in adverting, in attaining, in resolving, in emerging, in reviewing. | |
| Paṭhamajjhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ āvajjati, āvajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthīti āvajjanavasī. | He adverts to the first jhāna where, when, and for as long as he wishes, he has no difficulty in adverting, thus it is mastery in adverting. | |
| Paṭhamajjhānaṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjati, samāpajjanāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthīti samāpajjanavasī - pe - adhiṭṭhāti adhiṭṭhāne - pe - vuṭṭhāti vuṭṭhāne - pe - paccavekkhati paccavekkhaṇāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthīti paccavekkhaṇavasī. | He attains the first jhāna where, when, and for as long as he wishes, he has no difficulty in attaining, thus it is mastery in attaining. He resolves upon [the duration of] the first jhāna where, … thus it is mastery in resolving. He emerges from the first jhāna, … thus it is mastery in emerging. He reviews the first jhāna where, when, and for as long as he wishes, he has no difficulty in reviewing, thus it is mastery in reviewing. | |
| Dutiyaṃ - pe - nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiṃ yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ āvajjati - pe - paccavekkhati. | He adverts to the second jhāna … (etc.) … He reviews the attainment of the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception where, when, and for as long as he wishes, | |
| Paccavekkhaṇāya dandhāyitattaṃ natthīti paccavekkhaṇavasī. | he has no difficulty in reviewing, thus it is mastery in reviewing. | |
| Imā pañca vasiyo"ti (paṭi. ma. 1.83). | These are the five kinds of mastery” (Paṭis I 97–100). | |
| 870.Ettha ca "soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhī"ti ukkaṭṭhaniddeso esa. | 28.And here the words: “Owing to sixteen kinds of exercise of knowledge” state the maximum. | |
| Anāgāmino pana cuddasahi ñāṇacariyāhi hoti. | But in a non-returner the mastery is owing to fourteen kinds of exercise of knowledge. | |
| Yadi evaṃ sakadāgāmino dvādasahi sotāpannassa ca dasahi kiṃ na hotīti? | If that is so, then does it not come about also in the once-returner owing to twelve? And in the stream-enterer owing to ten? | |
| Na hoti, samādhipāribandhikassa pañca kāmaguṇikarāgassa appahīnattā. | —It does not. Because the greed based on the cords of sense desire, which is an obstacle to concentration, is unabandoned in them. | |
| Tesaṃ hi so appahīno. | It is because that is not abandoned in them | |
| Tasmā samathabalaṃ na paripuṇṇaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ aparipūre dvīhi balehi samāpajjitabbaṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ balavekallena samāpajjituṃ na sakkonti. | that the serenity power is not perfected. Since it is not perfected they are not, owing to want of power, able to attain the attainment of cessation, which has to be attained by the two powers. | |
| Anāgāmissa pana so pahīno, tasmā esa paripuṇṇabalo hoti. | But it is abandoned in the non-returner and so his power is perfected. | |
| Paripuṇṇabalattā sakkoti. | Since his power is perfected he is able to attain it. | |
| Tenāha bhagavā – "nirodhā vuṭṭhahantassa nevasaññānāsaññāyatanakusalaṃ phalasamāpattiyā anantarapaccayena paccayo"ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.417). | Hence the Blessed One said: “Profitable [consciousness] of the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception in one emerging from cessation is a condition, as proximity condition, for the attainment of fruition” (Paṭṭh I 159). | |
| Idañhi paṭṭhāne mahāpakaraṇe anāgāminova nirodhā vuṭṭhānaṃ sandhāya vuttanti. | For this is said in the Great Book of the Paṭṭhāna11 with reference only to non- returners’ emerging from cessation. |
Comm. NT: 11.
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| 871.Kattha samāpajjantīti pañcavokārabhave. | 29.(iv) Where do they attain it? In the five-constituent becoming. | |
| Kasmā? | Why? | |
| Anupubbasamāpattisabbhāvato. | Because of the necessity for the succession of [all] the attainments (cf. S IV 217). | |
| Catuvokārabhave pana paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ uppatti natthi. | But in the four-constituent becoming there is no arising of the first jhāna, etc., | |
| Tasmā na sakkā tattha samāpajjitunti. | and so it is not possible to attain it there. | |
| Keci pana "vatthussa abhāvā"ti vadanti. | But some say that is because of the lack of a physical basis [for the mind there].12 |
Comm. NT: 12.
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| 872.Kasmā samāpajjantīti saṅkhārānaṃ pavattibhede ukkaṇṭhitvā diṭṭheva dhamme acittakā hutvā "nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmā"ti samāpajjanti. | 30.(v) Why do they attain it? Being wearied by the occurrence and dissolution of formations, they attain it thinking, “Let us dwell in bliss by being without consciousness here and now and reaching the cessation that is Nibbāna.”13 |
Comm. NT: 13.
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| 873.Kathañcassā samāpajjanaṃ hotīti samathavipassanāvasena ussakkitvā katapubbakiccassa nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nirodhayato, evamassa samāpajjanaṃ hoti. | 31.(vi) How does its attainment come about? It comes about in one who performs the preparatory tasks by striving with serenity and insight and causes the cessation of [consciousness belonging to] the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception. | |
| Yo hi samathavaseneva ussakkati, so nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiṃ patvā tiṭṭhati. | One who strives with serenity alone reaches the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception and remains there, | |
| Yo pana vipassanāvaseneva ussakkati, so phalasamāpattiṃ patvā tiṭṭhati. | while one who strives with insight alone reaches the attainment of fruition and remains there. | |
| Yo pana ubhayavaseneva ussakkitvā pubbakiccaṃ katvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nirodheti, so taṃ samāpajjatīti ayamettha saṅkhepo. | But it is one who strives with both, and after performing the preparatory tasks, causes the cessation of [consciousness belonging to] the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception, who attains it. This is in brief. | |
| 874.Ayaṃ pana vitthāro – idha bhikkhu nirodhaṃ samāpajjitukāmo katabhattakicco sudhotahatthapādo vivitte okāse supaññattamhi āsane nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, so paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre aniccato dukkhato anattato vipassati. | 32.But the detail is this. When a bhikkhu who desires to attain cessation has finished all that has to do with his meal and has washed his hands and feet well, he sits down on a well-prepared seat in a secluded place. Having folded his legs crosswise, set his body erect, established mindfulness in front of him, he attains the first jhāna, and on emerging he sees the formations in it with insight as impermanent, painful, not-self. | |
| Vipassanā panesā tividhā hoti – saṅkhāraparigaṇhanakavipassanā, phalasamāpattivipassanā, nirodhasamāpattivipassanāti. | 33.This insight is threefold as insight that discerns formations, insight for the attainment of fruition, and insight for the attainment of cessation. | |
| Tattha saṅkhāraparigaṇhanakavipassanā mandā vā hotu tikkhā vā, maggassa padaṭṭhānaṃ hotiyeva. | Herein, insight that discerns formations, whether sluggish or keen, is the proximate cause only for a path. | |
| Phalasamāpattivipassanā tikkhāva vaṭṭati maggabhāvanāsadisā. | Insight for the attainment of fruition, which is only valid when keen, is similar to that for the development of a path. | |
| Nirodhasamāpattivipassanā pana nātimandanātitikkhā vaṭṭati. | Insight for the attainment of cessation is only valid when it is not over-sluggish and not over-keen. | |
| Tasmā esa nātimandāya nātitikkhāya vipassanāya te saṅkhāre vipassati. | Therefore he sees those formations with insight that is not over-sluggish and not over-keen. | |
| Tato dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre tatheva vipassati. | 34.After that, he attains the second jhāna, and on emerging he sees formations with insight in like manner. | |
| Tato tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ - pe - tato viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya tattha saṅkhāre tatheva vipassati. | After that, he attains the third jhāna … (etc.) … After that, he attains the base consisting of boundless consciousness, and on emerging he sees the formations in it in like manner. | |
| Tathā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya catubbidhaṃ pubbakiccaṃ karoti – nānābaddhaavikopanaṃ, saṅghapaṭimānanaṃ, satthupakkosanaṃ, addhānaparicchedanti. | Likewise he attains the base consisting of nothingness. On emerging from that he does the fourfold preparatory task, that is to say, about (a) non-damage to others’ property, (b) the Community’s waiting, (c) the Master’s summons, and (d) the limit of the duration. | |
| 875.Tattha nānābaddhaavikopananti yaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekābaddhaṃ na hoti, nānābaddhaṃ hutvā ṭhitaṃ pattacīvaraṃ vā mañcapīṭhaṃ vā nivāsagehaṃ vā aññaṃ vā pana kiñci parikkhārajātaṃ, taṃ yathā na vikuppati, aggiudakavātacoraundūrādīnaṃ vasena na vinassati, evaṃ adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. | 35. (a) Herein, non-damage to others’ property refers to what the bhikkhu has about him that is not his personal property: a robe and bowl, or a bed and chair, or a living room, or any other kind of requisite kept by him but the property of various others. It should be resolved14 that such property will not be damaged, will not be destroyed by fire, water, wind, thieves, rats, and so on. |
Comm. NT: 14.
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| Tatridaṃ adhiṭṭhānavidhānaṃ "idañca idañca imasmiṃ sattāhabbhantare mā agginā jhāyatu, mā udakena vuyhatu, mā vātena viddhaṃsatu, mā corehi hariyatu, mā undūrādīhi khajjatū"ti. | Here is the form of the resolve: “During these seven days let this and this not be burnt by fire; let it not be swept off by water; let it not be spoilt by wind; let it not be stolen by thieves; let it not be devoured by rats, and so on.” | |
| Evaṃ adhiṭṭhite taṃ sattāhaṃ tassa na koci parissayo hoti. | When he has resolved in this way, they are not in danger during the seven days. | |
| Anadhiṭṭhahato pana aggiādīhi vinassati mahānāgattherassa viya. | 36.If he does not resolve in this way, they may be destroyed by fire, etc., as in the case of the Elder Mahā Nāga. | |
| Thero kira mātuupāsikāya gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. | The elder, it seems, went for alms into the village where his mother, a lay follower, lived. | |
| Upāsikā yāguṃ datvā āsanasālāya nisīdāpesi. | She gave him rice gruel and seated him in the sitting hall. | |
| Thero nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi. | The elder sat down and attained cessation. | |
| Tasmiṃ nisinne āsanasālāya agginā gahitāya sesabhikkhū attano attano nisinnāsanaṃ gahetvā palāyiṃsu. | While he was sitting there the hall caught fire. The other bhikkhus each picked up their seats and fled. | |
| Gāmavāsikā sannipatitvā theraṃ disvā "alasasamaṇo"ti āhaṃsu. | The villagers gathered together, and seeing the elder, they said, “What a lazy monk! What a lazy monk!” | |
| Aggi tiṇaveṇukaṭṭhāni jhāpetvā theraṃ parikkhipitvā aṭṭhāsi. | The fire burned the grass thatch, the bamboos, and timbers, and it encircled the elder. | |
| Manussā ghaṭehi udakaṃ āharitvā nibbāpetvā chārikaṃ apanetvā paribhaṇḍaṃ katvā pupphāni vikiritvā namassamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. | People brought water and put it out. They removed the ashes, did repairs,15 scattered flowers, and then stood respectfully waiting. |
Comm. NT: 15. Paribhaṇḍa—“repair work”: this meaning is not given in PED; cf. M-a IV 157 (patching of old robes), and M-a I 291. Все комментарии (1) |
| Thero paricchinnakālavasena vuṭṭhāya te disvā "pākaṭomhi jāto"ti vehāsaṃ uppatitvā piyaṅgudīpaṃ agamāsi. | The elder emerged at the time he had determined. Seeing them, he said, “I am discovered! ,” and he rose up into the air and went to Piyaṅgu Island. | |
| Idaṃ nānābaddhaavikopanaṃ nāma. | This is “non-damage to others’ property.” | |
| Yaṃ ekābaddhaṃ hoti nivāsanapāvuraṇaṃ vā nisinnāsanaṃ vā, tattha visuṃ adhiṭṭhānakiccaṃ natthi. | 37. There is no special resolving to be done for what is his own personal property such as the inner and outer robes or the seat he is sitting on. | |
| Samāpattivaseneva naṃ rakkhati āyasmato sañjīvassa viya. | He protects all that by means of the attainment itself, like those of the venerable Sañjīva. | |
| Vuttampi cetaṃ "āyasmato sañjīvassa samādhivipphārā iddhi, āyasmato sāriputtassa samādhivipphārā iddhī"ti. | And this is said: “There was success by intervention of concentration in the venerable Sañjīva. There was success by intervention of concentration in the venerable Sāriputta” (Paṭis I 212—see XII.30). | |
| 876.Saṅghapaṭimānananti saṅghassa paṭimānanaṃ udikkhanaṃ. | 38. (b) The Community’s waiting is the Community’s expecting. | |
| Yāva eso bhikkhu āgacchati, tāva saṅghakammassa akaraṇanti attho. | The meaning is: till this bhikkhu comes there is no carrying out of acts of the Community. | |
| Ettha ca na paṭimānanaṃ etassa pubbakiccaṃ, paṭimānanāvajjanaṃ pana pubbakiccaṃ. | And here it is not the actual Community’s waiting that is the preparatory task, but the adverting to the waiting. | |
| Tasmā evaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ "sace mayi sattāhaṃ nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisinne saṅgho uttikammādīsu kiñcideva kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, yāva maṃ koci bhikkhu āgantvā na pakkosati, tāvadeva vuṭṭhahissāmī"ti. | So it should be adverted to in this way: “While I am sitting for seven days in the attainment of cessation, if the Community wants to enact a resolution, etc., I shall emerge before any bhikkhu comes to summon me.” | |
| Evaṃ katvā samāpanno hi tasmiṃ samaye vuṭṭhātiyeva. | One who attains it after doing this emerges at exactly that time. | |
| Yo pana evaṃ na karoti, saṅgho ca sannipatitvā taṃ apassanto "asuko bhikkhu kuhi"nti "nirodhasamāpanno"ti vutte saṅgho kañci bhikkhuṃ peseti "gaccha naṃ saṅghassa vacanena pakkosāhī"ti. | 39.But if he does not do so, then perhaps the Community assembles, and not seeing him, it is asked, “Where is the bhikkhu so and so?” They reply, “He has attained cessation.” The Community dispatches a bhikkhu, telling him, “Go and summon him in the name of the Community.” | |
| Athassa tena bhikkhunā savanūpacāre ṭhatvā "saṅgho taṃ āvuso paṭimānetī"ti vuttamatteva vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. | Then as soon as the bhikkhu stands within his hearing and merely says, “The Community is waiting for you, friend,” he emerges. | |
| Evaṃ garukā hi saṅghassa āṇā nāma. | Such is the importance of the Community’s order. | |
| Tasmā taṃ āvajjitvā yathā sayameva vuṭṭhāti, evaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ. | So he should attain in such-wise that, by adverting to it beforehand, he emerges by himself. | |
| 877.Satthupakkosananti idhāpi satthupakkosanāvajjanameva imassa kiccaṃ. | 40.(c) The Master’s summons: here too it is the adverting to the Master’s summons that is the preparatory task. | |
| Tasmā tampi evaṃ āvajjitabbaṃ "sace mayi sattāhaṃ nirodhaṃ samāpajjitvā nisinne satthā otiṇṇavatthusmiṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vā paññapeti, tathārūpāya vā atthuppattiyā dhammaṃ deseti, yāva maṃ koci āgantvā na pakkosati, tāvadeva vuṭṭhahissāmī"ti. | So that also should be adverted to in this way: “While I am sitting for seven days in the attainment of cessation, if the Master, after examining a case, makes known a course of training, or teaches the Dhamma, the origin of which discourse is some need that has arisen,16 I shall emerge before anyone comes to summon me.” |
Comm. NT: 16. The word atthuppatti (“the origin being a need arisen”) is a technical commentarial term.
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| Evaṃ katvā nisinno hi tasmiṃ samaye vuṭṭhātiyeva. | For when he has seated himself after doing so, he emerges at exactly that time. | |
| Yo pana evaṃ na karoti, satthā ca saṅghe sannipatite taṃ apassanto "asuko bhikkhu kuhi"nti "nirodhasamāpanno"ti vutte kañci bhikkhuṃ peseti "gaccha naṃ mama vacanena pakkosā"ti. | 41.But if he does not do so, when the Community assembles, the Master, not seeing him, asks, “Where is the bhikkhu so and so?” They reply, “He has attained cessation.” Then he dispatches a bhikkhu, telling him, “Go and summon him in my name.” | |
| Athassa tena bhikkhunā savanūpacāre ṭhatvā "satthā āyasmantaṃ āmantetī"ti vuttamatteva vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. | As soon as the bhikkhu stands within his hearing and merely says, “The Master calls the venerable one,” he emerges. | |
| Evaṃ garukaṃ hi satthupakkosanaṃ, tasmā taṃ āvajjitvā yathā sayameva vuṭṭhāti, evaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ. | Such is the importance of the Master’s summons. So he should attain in such wise that, by adverting to it beforehand, he emerges himself. | |
| 878.Addhānaparicchedoti jīvitaddhānassa paricchedo. | 42. (d) The limit of duration is the limit of life’s duration. | |
| Iminā bhikkhunā addhānaparicchede sukusalena bhavitabbaṃ. | For this bhikkhu should be very careful to determine what the limit of his life’s duration is. | |
| Attano "āyusaṅkhārā sattāhaṃ pavattissanti na pavattissantī"ti āvajjitvāva samāpajjitabbaṃ. | He should attain only after adverting in this way: “Will my own vital formations go on occurring for seven days or will they not?” | |
| Sace hi sattāhabbhantare nirujjhanake āyusaṅkhāre anāvajjitvāva samāpajjati, nāssa nirodhasamāpatti maraṇaṃ paṭibāhituṃ sakkoti. | For if he attains it without adverting when the vital formations are due to cease within seven days, then since the attainment of cessation cannot ward off his death | |
| Antonirodhe maraṇassa natthitāya antarāva samāpattito vuṭṭhāti. | because there is no dying during cessation,17 he consequently emerges from the attainment meanwhile. |
Comm. NT: 17.
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| Tasmā etaṃ āvajjitvāva samāpajjitabbaṃ. | So he should attain only after adverting to that. | |
| Avasesaṃ hi anāvajjitumpi vaṭṭati. | For while it may be permissible to omit adverting to others, | |
| Idaṃ pana āvajjitabbamevāti vuttaṃ. | it is said that this must be adverted to. | |
| 879.So evaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya imaṃ pubbakiccaṃ katvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati. | 43. Now, when he has thus attained the base consisting of nothingness and emerged and done this preparatory task, he then attains the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception. | |
| Athekaṃ vā dve vā cittavāre atikkamitvā acittako hoti, nirodhaṃ phusati. | Then after one or two turns of consciousness have passed, he becomes without consciousness, he achieves cessation. | |
| Kasmā panassa dvinnaṃ cittānaṃ uparicittāni na pavattantīti? | But why do consciousnesses not go on occurring in him after the two consciousnesses? | |
| Nirodhassa payogattā. | Because the effort is directed to cessation. | |
| Idañhi imassa bhikkhuno dve samathavipassanādhamme yuganaddhe katvā aṭṭha samāpattiārohanaṃ anupubbanirodhassa payogo, na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyāti nirodhassa payogattā dvinnaṃ cittānaṃ upari na pavattanti. | For this bhikkhu’s mounting through the eight attainments, coupling together the states of serenity and insight, is directed to successive cessation, not to attaining the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception. So it is because the effort is directed to cessation that no more than the two consciousnesses occur. | |
| Yo pana bhikkhu ākiñcaññāyatanato vuṭṭhāya idaṃ pubbakiccaṃ akatvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati, so parato acittako bhavituṃ na sakkoti, paṭinivattitvā puna ākiñcaññāyataneyeva patiṭṭhāti. | 44.But if a bhikkhu emerges from the base consisting of nothingness without having done this preparatory task and then attains the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception, he is unable then to become without consciousness: he returns to the base consisting of nothingness and settles down there. | |
| Maggaṃ agatapubbapurisūpamā cettha vattabbā – | 45.And here the simile of the man and the road not previously travelled may be told. | |
| Eko kira puriso ekaṃ maggaṃ agatapubbo antarā udakakandaraṃ vā gambhīraṃ udakacikkhallaṃ atikkamitvā ṭhapitaṃ caṇḍātapasantattapāsāṇaṃ vā āgamma taṃ nivāsanapāvuraṇaṃ asaṇṭhapetvāva kandaraṃ orūḷho parikkhāratemanabhayena punadeva tīre patiṭṭhāti. | A man who had not previously travelled a certain road came to a ravine cut by water, or after crossing a deep morass he came to a rock heated by a fierce sun. Then without arranging his inner and outer garments, he descended into the ravine but came up again for fear of wetting his belongings and remained on the bank, | |
| Pāsāṇaṃ akkamitvāpi santattapādo punadeva orabhāge patiṭṭhāti. | or he walked up on to the rock but on burning his feet he returned to the near side and waited there. | |
| Tattha yathā so puriso asaṇṭhapitanivāsanapāvuraṇattā kandaraṃ otiṇṇamattova, tattapāsāṇaṃ akkantamatto eva ca paṭinivattitvā oratova patiṭṭhāti, evaṃ yogāvacaropi pubbakiccassa akatattā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannamattova paṭinivattitvā ākiñcaññāyatane patiṭṭhāti. | 46.Herein, just as the man, as soon as he had descended into the ravine, or walked up on to the hot rock, turned back and remained on the near side because he had not seen to the arrangement of his inner and outer garments, so too as soon as the meditator has attained the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception, he turns back and remains in the base consisting of nothingness because the preparatory task has not been done. | |
| Yathā pana pubbepi taṃ maggaṃ gatapubbapuriso taṃ ṭhānaṃ āgamma ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ daḷhaṃ nivāsetvā aparaṃ hatthena gahetvā kandaraṃ uttaritvā tattapāsāṇaṃ vā akkantamattakameva karitvā parato gacchati, evamevaṃ katapubbakicco bhikkhu nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvāva parato acittako hutvā nirodhaṃ phusitvā viharati. | 47.Just as when a man who has travelled that road before comes to that place, he puts his inner garment on securely, and taking the other in his hand, crosses over the ravine, or so acts as to tread only lightly on the hot rock and accordingly gets to the other side, so too, when the bhikkhu does the preparatory task and then attains the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception, then he achieves cessation, which is the other side, by becoming without consciousness. | |
| 880.Kathaṃ ṭhānanti evaṃ samāpannāya panassā kālaparicchedavasena ceva antarāāyukkhayasaṅghapaṭimānanasatthupakkosanābhāvena ca ṭhānaṃ hoti. | 48.(vii) How is it made to last? It lasts as long as the time predetermined for its duration, unless interrupted meanwhile by the exhaustion of the life span, by the waiting of the Community, or by the Master’s summons. | |
| 881.Kathaṃ vuṭṭhānanti anāgāmissa anāgāmiphaluppattiyā, arahato arahattaphaluppattiyāti evaṃ dvedhā vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. | 49.(viii) How does the emergence from it come about? The emergence comes about in two ways thus: by means of the fruition of non-return in the case of the non- returner, or by means of the fruition of Arahantship in the case of the Arahant. | |
| 882.Vuṭṭhitassa kiṃninnaṃ cittaṃ hotīti nibbānaninnaṃ. | 50.(ix) Towards what does the mind of one who has emerged tend? It tends towards Nibbāna. | |
| Vuttaṃ hetaṃ "saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhitassa kho, āvuso visākha, bhikkhuno vivekaninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāra"nti (ma. ni. 1.464). | For this is said: “When a bhikkhu has emerged from the attainment of the cessation of perception and feeling, friend Visākha, his consciousness inclines to seclusion, leans to seclusion, tends to seclusion” (M I 302). | |
| 883.Matassa ca samāpannassa ca ko visesoti ayampi attho sutte vuttoyeva. | 51. (x) What is the difference between one who has attained and one who is dead? | |
| Yathāha – "yvāyaṃ, āvuso, mato kālaṅkato, tassa kāyasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, vacīsaṅkhārā… cittasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, āyu parikkhīṇo, usmā vūpasantā, indriyāni paribhinnāni. | This is also given in a sutta, according as it is said: “When a bhikkhu is dead, friend, has completed his term, his bodily formations have ceased and are quite still, his verbal formations have ceased and are quite still, his mental formations have ceased and are quite still, his life is exhausted, his heat has subsided, and his faculties are broken up. | |
| Yo cāyaṃ bhikkhu saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpanno, tassapi kāyasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, vacīsaṅkhārā… cittasaṅkhārā niruddhā paṭippassaddhā, āyu aparikkhīṇo, usmā avūpasantā, indriyāni aparibhinnānī"ti (ma. ni. 1.457). | When a bhikkhu has entered upon the cessation of perception and feeling, his bodily formations have ceased and are quite still, his verbal formations have ceased and are quite still, his mental formations have ceased and are quite still, his life is unexhausted, his heat has not subsided, his faculties are quite whole” (M I 296). | |
| 884.Nirodhasamāpatti saṅkhatātiādipucchāyaṃ pana saṅkhatātipi asaṅkhatātipi lokiyātipi lokuttarātipi na vattabbā. | 52.(xi) As to the question is the attainment of cessation formed or unformed, etc.? It is not classifiable as formed or unformed, mundane or supramundane. | |
| Kasmā? | Why? | |
| Sabhāvato natthitāya. | Because it has no individual essence. | |
| Yasmā panassā samāpajjantassa vasena samāpannā nāma hoti, tasmā nipphannāti vattuṃ vaṭṭati, no anipphannā. | But since it comes to be attained by one who attains it, it is therefore permissible to say that it is produced, not unproduced.18 |
Comm. NT: 18. The subtleties of the word nipphanna are best cleared up by quoting a paragraph from the Sammohavinodanī (Vibh-a 29):
The M... Все комментарии (1) |
| Iti santaṃ samāpattiṃ, imaṃ ariyanisevitaṃ; | This too is an attainment which A Noble One may cultivate; | |
| Diṭṭheva dhamme nibbānamitisaṅkhaṃ upāgataṃ; | The peace it gives is reckoned as Nibbāna here and now. | |
| Bhāvetvā ariyaṃ paññaṃ, samāpajjanti paṇḍitā. | A wise man by developing The noble understanding can | |
| Yasmā tasmā imissāpi, samāpattisamatthatā; | With it himself endow; So this ability is called | |
| Ariyamaggesu paññāya, ānisaṃsoti vuccatīti. | A boon of understanding, too, The noble paths allow. |