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76.Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena pāṭaligāmo tadavasari.
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I have heard that on one occasion, while the Blessed One was wandering among the Magadhans with a large community of monks, he arrived at Pāṭali Village.
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Assosuṃ kho pāṭaligāmiyā [pāṭaligāmikā (dī. ni. 2.148)] upāsakā – "bhagavā kira magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pāṭaligāmaṃ anuppatto"ti.
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The lay followers of Pāṭali Village heard, “The Blessed One, they say, while wandering among the Magadhans with a large community of monks, has reached Pāṭali Village.”
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Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
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So they went to the Blessed One and, on arrival, having bowed down to him, sat to one side.
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Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – "adhivāsetu no, bhante, bhagavā āvasathāgāra"nti.
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As they were sitting there, they said to him, “Lord, may the Blessed One acquiesce to (the use of) the rest-house hall.”
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Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
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The Blessed One acquiesced with silence.
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Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yenāvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ āvasathāgāraṃ santharitvā āsanāni paññāpetvā udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā telappadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu.
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Sensing his acquiescence, the lay followers of Pāṭali Village got up from their seats, bowed down to him, circled him to the right, and then went to the rest-house hall. On arrival, they spread it all over with felt rugs, arranged seats, set out a water vessel, and raised an oil lamp. Then they went to the Blessed One and, on arrival, having bowed down, stood to one side.
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Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – "sabbasantharisanthataṃ [sabbasanthariṃ santhataṃ (sī. syā. pī.)], bhante, āvasathāgāraṃ; āsanāni paññattāni; udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito [udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpitaṃ (syā.)] telappadīpo āropito.
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As they were standing there they said to him, “Lord, the rest-house hall has been covered all over with felt rugs, seats have been arranged, a water vessel has been set out, and an oil lamp raised.
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Yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī"ti.
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May the Blessed One do what you think it is now time to do.”
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Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena āvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi.
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So the Blessed One, adjusting his under robe and–carrying his bowl & robes1–went together with a community of monks to the rest-house hall. On arrival he washed his feet, entered the hall, and sat with his back to the central post, facing east.
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Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā.
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The community of monks washed their feet, entered the hall, and sat with their backs to the western wall, facing east, ranged around the Blessed One.
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Pāṭaligāmiyāpi kho upāsakā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṃsu bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā.
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The lay followers of Pāṭali Village washed their feet, entered the hall, and sat with their backs to the eastern wall, facing west, ranged around the Blessed One.
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Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmiye upāsake āmantesi –
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Then the Blessed One addressed the lay followers of Pāṭali Village,
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"Pañcime, gahapatayo, ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
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“Householders, there are these five drawbacks coming from an unvirtuous person’s failure in virtue.
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Katame pañca?
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Which five?
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Idha, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno pamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahatiṃ bhogajāniṃ nigacchati.
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“There is the case where an unvirtuous person, by reason of heedlessness, undergoes the loss/confiscation of great wealth.
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Ayaṃ paṭhamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
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This is the first drawback coming from an unvirtuous person’s failure in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati.
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“Furthermore, the bad reputation of the unvirtuous person, failing in virtue, gets spread about.
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Ayaṃ dutiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
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This is the second drawback coming from an unvirtuous person’s failure in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – avisārado upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto.
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“Furthermore, whatever assembly the unvirtuous person, failing in virtue, approaches–whether of noble warriors, brahmans, householders, or contemplatives–he/she does so without confidence & abashed.
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Ayaṃ tatiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
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This is the third drawback coming from an unvirtuous person’s failure in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti.
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“Furthermore, the unvirtuous person, failing in virtue, dies confused.
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Ayaṃ catuttho ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
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This is the fourth drawback coming from an unvirtuous person’s failure in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati.
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“Furthermore, the unvirtuous person, failing in virtue–on the break-up of the body, after death–reappears in a plane of deprivation, a bad destination, a lower realm, a hell.
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Ayaṃ pañcamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
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This is the fifth drawback coming from an unvirtuous person’s failure in virtue.
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Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
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“These, householders, are the five drawbacks coming from an unvirtuous person’s failure in virtue.
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"Pañcime, gahapatayo, ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
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“Householders, there are these five rewards coming from a virtuous person’s consummation in virtue.
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Katame pañca?
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Which five?
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Idha, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati.
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“There is the case where a virtuous person, by reason of heedfulness, acquires a great mass of wealth.
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Ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
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This is the first reward coming from a virtuous person’s consummation in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati.
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“Furthermore, the fine reputation of the virtuous person, consummate in virtue, gets spread about.
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Ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
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This is the second reward coming from a virtuous person’s consummation in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto.
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“Furthermore, whatever assembly the virtuous person, consummate in virtue, approaches–whether of noble warriors, brahmans, householders, or contemplatives–he/she does so with confidence & unabashed.
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Ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
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This is the third reward coming from a virtuous person’s consummation in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṅkaroti.
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“Furthermore, the virtuous person, consummate in virtue, dies unconfused.
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Ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
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This is the fourth reward coming from a virtuous person’s consummation in virtue.
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"Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.
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“Furthermore, the virtuous person, consummate in virtue–on the break-up of the body, after death–reappears in a good destination, a heavenly world.
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Ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
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This is the fifth reward coming from a virtuous person’s consummation in virtue.
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Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāyā"ti.
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“These, householders, are the five rewards coming from a virtuous person’s consummation in virtue.”
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Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmiye upāsake bahudeva rattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samutejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uyyojesi – "abhikkantā kho, gahapatayo, ratti; yassadāni tumhe kālaṃ maññathā"ti. ["evaṃ bhante"ti khopāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato paṭissutvā (mahāva. 285; dī. ni. 2.151)] Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā ["evaṃ bhante"ti khopāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato paṭissutvā (mahāva. 285; dī. ni. 2.151)] uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu.
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Then the Blessed One–having instructed, urged, roused, & encouraged the lay followers of Pāṭali Village for a large part of the night with Dhamma-talk–dismissed them, saying, “The night is far gone, householders. Do what you think it is now time to do.” So the lay followers of Pāṭali Village, delighting in & approving of the Blessed One’s words, got up from their seats, bowed down to him, and left, circling him to the right.
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Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāṭaligāmiyesu upāsakesu suññāgāraṃ pāvisi.
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Then the Blessed One, not long after they had left, entered an empty building.
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Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā [sunīdhavassakārā (sī. syā. pī.)] magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya.
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Now, on that occasion, Sunīdha & Vassakāra, the chief ministers of Magadha, were building a city at Pāṭali Village to preempt the Vajjians.
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Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā devatāyo sahassasahasseva [sahasseva (syā. ka.), sahassasseva (pī.)] pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhanti.
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And on that occasion many devas by the thousands were occupying sites in Pāṭali Village.
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Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of great influence occupied sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of great influence were inclined to build their homes.
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Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of middling influence occupied sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of middling influence were inclined to build their homes.
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Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of low influence occupied sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of low influence were inclined to build their homes.
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Addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tā devatāyo sahassasahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo.
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The Blessed One, with the divine eye–purified and surpassing the human–saw many devas by the thousands occupying sites in Pāṭali Village.
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Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of great influence occupied sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of great influence were inclined to build their homes.
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Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of middling influence occupied sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of middling influence were inclined to build their homes.
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Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of low influence occupied sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of low influence were inclined to build their homes.
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Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā paccūsasamaye paccuṭṭhāya āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi –
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Then, getting up in the last watch of the night, the Blessed One addressed Ven. Ānanda,
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"Ke nu kho [ko nu kho (sabbattha)] ānanda pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpentī"ti [māpetīti (sabbattha)].
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“Ānanda, who is building a city at Pāṭali Village?”
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"Sunidhavassakārā, bhante, magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāyā"ti.
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“Sunīdha & Vassakāra, the chief ministers of Magadha, lord, are building a city at Pāṭali Village to preempt the Vajjians.”
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"Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devehi tāvatiṃsehi saddhiṃ mantetvā; evameva kho, ānanda, sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya.
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“Ānanda, it’s as if they had consulted the devas of the Thirty-three: That’s how Sunīdha & Vassakāra, the chief ministers of Magadha, are building a city at Pāṭali Village to preempt the Vajjians.
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Idhāhaṃ, ānanda, addasaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo sahassasahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo.
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“Just now, Ānanda–with the divine eye–purified and surpassing the human–I saw many devas by the thousands occupying sites in Pāṭali Village.
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Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of great influence occupy sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of great influence are inclined to build their homes.
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Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of middling influence occupy sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of middling influence are inclined to build their homes.
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Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.
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In the area where devas of low influence occupy sites, there the minds of the king’s royal ministers of low influence are inclined to build their homes.
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Yāvatā, ānanda, ariyaṃ āyatanaṃ yāvatā vaṇippatho idaṃ agganagaraṃ bhavissati pāṭaliputtaṃ puṭabhedanaṃ.
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“Ānanda, as far as the sphere of the Ariyans extends, as far as merchants’ roads extend, this will be the supreme city: Pāṭaliputta,2 where the seedpods of the Pāṭali plant break open.
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Pāṭaliputtassa kho, ānanda, tayo antarāyā bhavissanti – aggito vā udakato vā mithubhedato vā"ti.
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There will be three dangers for Pāṭaliputta: from fire, from water, and from the breaking of alliances.”
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Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu.
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Then Sunīdha & Vassakāra, the chief ministers of Magadha, went to the Blessed One and, on arrival, exchanged courteous greetings with him.
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Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sārāṇiyaṃ [sārāṇīyaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu.
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After an exchange of friendly greetings & courtesies, they stood to one side.
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Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – "adhivāsetu no bhavaṃ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā"ti.
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As they were standing there, they said to him, “May Master Gotama acquiesce to our meal today, together with the community of monks.”
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Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
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The Blessed One acquiesced with silence.
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Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā yena sako āvasatho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sake āvasathe paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesuṃ – "kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta"nti.
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Then Sunīdha & Vassakāra, the chief ministers of Magadha, understanding the Blessed One’s acquiescence, went to their rest-house. On arrival, after having exquisite staple & non-staple food prepared in their rest-house, they announced the time to the Blessed One: “It’s time, Master Gotama. The meal is ready.”
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Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena sunidhavassakārānaṃ magadhamahāmattānaṃ āvasatho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi.
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Then the Blessed One, early in the morning, adjusted his under robe and–carrying his bowl & robes–went together with the community of monks to the rest-house of Sunīdha & Vassakāra, the chief ministers of Magadha. On arrival, he sat down on the seat laid out.
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Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesuṃ sampavāresuṃ.
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Sunīdha & Vassakāra, with their own hands, served & satisfied the community of monks, with the Buddha at its head, with exquisite staple & non-staple food.
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Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
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Then, when the Blessed One had finished his meal and rinsed his bowl & hands, Sunīdha & Vassakāra, taking a low seat, sat to one side.
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Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho sunidhavassakāre magadhamahāmatte bhagavā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi –
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As they were sitting there, the Blessed One gave his approval with these verses:
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"Yasmiṃ padese kappeti, vāsaṃ paṇḍitajātiyo;
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In whatever place a wise person makes his dwelling,
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Sīlavantettha bhojetvā, saññate brahmacārayo [brahmacārino (syā.), brahmacariye (pī. ka.)].
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–there providing food for the virtuous, the restrained, leaders of the holy life–
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"Yā tattha devatā āsuṃ, tāsaṃ dakkhiṇamādise;
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he should dedicate that offering to the devas there.
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Tā pūjitā pūjayanti, mānitā mānayanti naṃ.
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They, receiving honor, will honor him; being respected, will show him respect.
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"Tato naṃ anukampanti, mātā puttaṃva orasaṃ;
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As a result, they will feel sympathy for him, like that of a mother for her child, her son.
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Devatānukampito poso, sadā bhadrāni passatī"ti.
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A person with whom the devas sympathize always meets with auspicious things.
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Atha kho bhagavā sunidhavassakārānaṃ magadhamahāmattānaṃ imāhi gāthāhi anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
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Then the Blessed One, having given his approval to Sunīdha & Vassakāra with these verses, got up from his seat and left.
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Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti – "yenajja samaṇo gotamo dvārena nikkhamissati taṃ 'gotamadvāraṃ' nāma bhavissati.
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And on that occasion, Sunīdha & Vassakāra followed right after the Blessed One, (thinking,) “By whichever gate Gotama the contemplative departs today, that will be called the Gotama Gate.
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Yena titthena gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ tarissati taṃ 'gotamatitthaṃ' nāma bhavissatī"ti.
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And by whichever ford he crosses over the Ganges River, that will be called the Gotama Ford.”
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Atha kho bhagavā yena dvārena nikkhami taṃ 'gotamadvāraṃ' nāma ahosi.
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So the gate by which the Blessed One departed was called the Gotama Gate.
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Atha kho bhagavā yena gaṅgā nadī tenupasaṅkami.
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Then he went to the Ganges River.
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Tena kho pana samayena gaṅgā nadī pūrā hoti samatittikā kākapeyyā.
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Now on that occasion the Ganges River was full up to the banks, so that a crow could drink from it.
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Appekacce manussā nāvaṃ pariyesanti, appekacce uḷumpaṃ pariyesanti, appekacce kullaṃ bandhanti apārā pāraṃ gantukāmā.
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Some people were searching for boats, some were searching for floats, some were binding rafts in hopes of going from this shore to the other.
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Atha kho bhagavā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – gaṅgāya nadiyā orimatīre [orimatīrā (bahūsu) mahāva. 286; dī. ni. 2.154 passitabbaṃ)] antarahito pārimatīre paccuṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena.
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So the Blessed One–just as a strong man might extend his flexed arm or flex his extended arm–disappeared from the near bank of the Ganges River and reappeared on the far bank together with the community of monks.
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Addasā kho bhagavā te manusse appekacce nāvaṃ pariyesante, appekacce uḷumpaṃ pariyesante, appekacce kullaṃ bandhante apārā pāraṃ gantukāme.
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He saw that some people were searching for boats, some were searching for floats, some were binding rafts in hopes of going from this shore to the other.
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Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
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Then, on realizing the significance of that, the Blessed One on that occasion exclaimed:
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"Ye taranti aṇṇavaṃ saraṃ,
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Those who cross the foaming flood,
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Setuṃ katvāna visajja pallalāni;
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having made a bridge, avoiding the swamps
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Kullañhi jano pabandhati [bandhati (syā. pī.)],
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–while people are binding rafts–
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Tiṇṇā [nitiṇṇā (ka.)] medhāvino janā"ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
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have already crossed : the wise.
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