| пали | E.W. Burlingame - english
|
Комментарии |
|
Ayasāvamalanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto tissattheraṃ nāma bhikkhuṃ ārabbha kathesi.
|
This religious instruction was given by the Teacher while he was in residence at Jetavana with reference to a monk named Elder Tissa.
|
|
|
Eko kira sāvatthivāsī kulaputto pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado tissattheroti paññāyi.
|
The story goes that a certain youth of respectable family, who lived at Sāvatthi, retired from the world, became a monk, and made his full profession, becoming known as Elder Tissa.
|
|
|
So aparabhāge janapadavihāre vassūpagato aṭṭhahatthakaṃ thūlasāṭakaṃ labhitvā vutthavasso pavāretvā taṃ ādāya gantvā bhaginiyā hatthe ṭhapesi.
|
Subsequently, while he was in residence at a monastery in the country, he received a coarse cloth eight cubits in length. Having completed residence, he celebrated the Terminal Festival, and taking his cloth with him, went home and placed it in the hands of his sister.
|
|
|
Sā "na me eso sāṭako bhātu anucchaviko"ti taṃ tikhiṇāya vāsiyā chinditvā hīrahīraṃ katvā udukkhale koṭṭetvā pavisetvā pothetvā vaṭṭetvā sukhumasuttaṃ kantitvā sāṭakaṃ vāyāpesi.
|
Thought his sister, “This robe-cloth is not suited to my brother.” So with a sharp knife she cut it into strips, pounded them in a mortar, whipped and beat and cleaned the shoddy, and, spinning fine yarn, had it woven into a robe-cloth.
|
|
|
Theropi suttañceva sūciyo ca saṃvidahitvā cīvarakārake daharasāmaṇere sannipātetvā bhaginiyā santikaṃ gantvā "taṃ me sāṭakaṃ detha, cīvaraṃ kāressāmī"ti āha.
|
The Elder procured thread and needles, and assembling some young monks and novices who were skilled makers of robes, went to his sister and said, “Give me that cloth; I will have a robe made out of it.”
|
|
|
Sā navahatthaṃ sāṭakaṃ nīharitvā kaniṭṭhabhātikassa hatthe ṭhapesi.
|
She took down a robe-cloth nine cubits in length and placed it in the hands of her youngest brother.
|
|
|
So taṃ gahetvā vitthāretvā oloketvā "mama sāṭako thūlo aṭṭhahattho, ayaṃ sukhumo navahattho.
|
He took it, spread it out, and said, “My robe-cloth was a coarse one, eight cubits long, but this is a fine one, nine cubits long.
|
|
|
Nāyaṃ mama sāṭako, tumhākaṃ esa, na me iminā attho, tameva me dethā"ti āha.
|
This is not mine; it is yours. I don’t want it. Give me the same one I gave you.”
|
|
|
"Bhante, tumhākameva eso, gaṇhatha na"nti?
|
“Reverend Sir, this cloth is yours; take it.”
|
|
|
So neva icchi.
|
He refused to do so.
|
|
|
Athassa attanā katakiccaṃ sabbaṃ ārocetvā, "bhante, tumhākamevesa, gaṇhatha na"nti adāsi.
|
Then his sister told him everything she had done and gave him the cloth again, saying, “Reverend Sir, this one is yours; take it.”
|
|
|
So taṃ ādāya vihāraṃ gantvā cīvarakammaṃ paṭṭhapesi.
|
Finally he took it, went to the monastery and set the robe-makers to work.
|
|
|
Athassa bhaginī cīvarakārānaṃ atthāya yāgubhattādīni sampādesi.
|
His sister prepared rice-gruel, boiled rice, and other provisions for the robe-makers,
|
|
|
Cīvarassa niṭṭhitadivase pana atirekasakkāraṃ kāresi.
|
and on the day when the cloak was finished, gave them an extra allowance.
|
|
|
So cīvaraṃ oloketvā tasmiṃ uppannasineho "sve dāni naṃ pārupissāmī"ti saṃharitvā cīvaravaṃse ṭhapetvā taṃ rattiṃ bhuttāhāraṃ jirāpetuṃ asakkonto kālaṃ katvā tasmiṃyeva cīvare ūkā hutvā nibbatti.
|
Tissa looked at the robe and took a liking to it. Said he, “To-morrow I will wear this robe as an upper garment.” So he folded it and laid it on the bamboo rack. During the night, unable to digest the food he had eaten, he died, and was reborn as a louse in that very robe.
|
|
|
Bhaginīpissa kālakiriyaṃ sutvā bhikkhūnaṃ pādesu pavattamānā rodi.
|
When his sister learned that he was dead, she flung herself at the feet of the monks, rolled on the ground, and wept.
|
|
|
Bhikkhū tassa sarīrakiccaṃ katvā gilānupaṭṭhākassa abhāvena saṅghasseva taṃ pāpuṇāti.
|
When the monks had performed the funeral rites over his body, they said,
|
|
|
"Bhājessāma na"nti taṃ cīvaraṃ nīharāpesuṃ.
|
“Since there was no one to attend him in his sickness, this robe belongs to the Congregation of Monks; let us divide it among us.”
|
|
|
Sā ūkā "ime mama santakaṃ vilumpantī"ti viravantī ito cito ca sandhāvi.
|
Thereupon that louse screamed, “These monks are plundering my property!” And thus screaming, he ran this way and that.
|
|
|
Satthā gandhakuṭiyaṃ nisinnova dibbāya sotadhātuyā taṃ saddaṃ sutvā, "ānanda, tissassa cīvaraṃ abhājetvā sattāhaṃ nikkhipituṃ vadehī"ti āha.
|
The Teacher, even as he sat in the Perfumed Chamber, heard that sound by Supernatural Audition, and said to Elder Ānanda, “Ānanda, tell them to lay aside Tissa’s robe for seven days.”
|
|
|
Thero tathā kāresi.
|
The Elder caused this to be done.
|
|
|
Sāpi sattame divase kālaṃ katvā tusitavimāne nibbatti.
|
At the end of seven days that louse died and was reborn in the Abode of the Tusita gods.
|
|
|
Satthā "aṭṭhame divase tissassa cīvaraṃ bhājetvā gaṇhathā"ti āṇāpesi.
|
On the eighth day the Teacher issued the following order, “Let the monks now divide Tissa’s robe and take their several portions.”
|
|
|
Bhikkhū tathā kariṃsu.
|
The monks did so.
|
|
|
Bhikkhū dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ "kasmā nu kho satthā tissassa cīvaraṃ satta divase ṭhapāpetvā aṭṭhame divase gaṇhituṃ anujānī"ti.
|
Having so done, the monks began the following discussion: “Why was it that the Teacher caused Tissa’s robe to be put aside for seven days, and on the eighth day permitted us to divide it among us and take our several portions?”
|
|
|
Satthā āgantvā "kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā"ti pucchitvā "imāya nāmā"ti vutte, "bhikkhave, tisso attano cīvare ūkā hutvā nibbatto, tumhehi tasmiṃ bhājiyamāne 'ime mama santakaṃ vilumpantī'ti viravantī ito cito ca dhāvi.
|
The Teacher approached and asked, “Monks, what are you discussing now as you sit here all gathered together?” When they told him, he said, “Monks, Tissa was reborn as a louse in his own robe. When you set about to divide the robe among you, he screamed, ‘They are plundering my property.’
|
|
|
Sā tumhehi cīvare gayhamāne tumhesu manaṃ padussitvā niraye nibbatteyya, tena cāhaṃ cīvaraṃ nikkhipāpesiṃ.
|
And thus screaming, he ran this way and that. Had you taken his robe, he would have cherished a grudge against you, and because of this sin would have been reborn in Hell. That is the reason why I directed that the robe should be laid aside.
|
|
|
Idāni pana sā tusitavimāne nibbattā, tena vo mayā cīvaragahaṇaṃ anuññāta"nti vatvā puna tehi "bhāriyā vata ayaṃ, bhante, taṇhā nāmā"ti vutte "āma, bhikkhave, imesaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhā nāma bhāriyā.
|
But now he has been reborn in the Abode of the Tusita gods, and for this reason I have permitted you to take the robe and divide it among you.” Again said the monks, “Reverend Sir, a grievous matter indeed is this thing which is called Craving.” “Yes, monks,” replied the Teacher, “Craving is indeed a grievous matter among living beings here in the world.
|
|
|
Yathā ayato malaṃ uṭṭhahitvā ayameva khādati vināseti aparibhogaṃ karoti, evamevāyaṃ taṇhā imesaṃ sattānaṃ abbhantare uppajjitvā te satte nirayādīsu nibbattāpeti, vināsaṃ pāpetī"ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
|
Even as rust which springs from iron eats away the iron and corrodes it and renders it useless, so also this thing which is called Craving, when it arises among living beings here in the world, causes these same living beings to be reborn in Hell and plunges them to ruin.” So saying, the Teacher pronounced the following Stanza,
|
|
|
240.
|
|
|
|
"Ayasāva malaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ,
|
Even as rust which springs from iron
|
|
|
Tatuṭṭhāya tameva khādati;
|
no sooner appears than it eats away the iron,
|
|
|
Evaṃ atidhonacārinaṃ,
|
Precisely so in the case of transgressors,
|
|
|
Sāni kammāni nayanti duggati"nti.
|
their own evil deeds bring them to an evil end.
|
|
|
Tattha ayasāvāti ayato samuṭṭhitaṃ.
|
|
|
|
Tatuṭṭhāyāti tato uṭṭhāya.
|
|
|
|
Atidhonacārinanti dhonā vuccati cattāro paccaye "idamatthaṃ ete"ti paccavekkhitvā paribhuñjanapaññā, taṃ atikkamitvā caranto atidhonacārī nāma.
|
|
|
|
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ayato malaṃ samuṭṭhāya tato samuṭṭhitaṃ tameva khādati, evamevaṃ catupaccaye apaccavekkhitvā paribhuñjantaṃ atidhonacārinaṃ sāni kammāni attani ṭhitattā attano santakāneva tāni kammāni duggatiṃ nayantīti.
|
|
|
|
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
|
|
|
|
Tissattheravatthu tatiyaṃ.
|
|
|