| пали | Sujato bhikkhu - english
|
Комментарии |
|
17.Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.
|
So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.
|
|
|
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi.
|
Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms.
|
|
|
Addasā kho acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ.
|
The naked ascetic Kassapa saw the Buddha coming off in the distance.
|
|
|
Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi.
|
He went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.
|
|
|
Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.
|
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he stood to one side, and said to the Buddha,
|
|
|
Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – "puccheyyāma mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ kañcideva [kiñcideva (ka.)] desaṃ, sace no bhavaṃ gotamo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā"ti.
|
“I’d like to ask Mister Gotama about a certain point, if you’d take the time to answer.”
|
|
|
"Akālo kho tāva, kassapa, pañhassa; antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhamhā"ti.
|
“Kassapa, it’s the wrong time for questions. We’ve entered an inhabited area.”
|
|
|
Dutiyampi kho acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca "puccheyyāma mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ kañcideva desaṃ, sace no bhavaṃ gotamo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā"ti.
|
A second time,
|
|
|
"Akālo kho tāva, kassapa, pañhassa; antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhamhā"ti.
|
|
|
|
Tatiyampi kho acelo kassapo - pe - antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhamhāti.
|
and a third time, Kassapa spoke to the Buddha and the Buddha replied.
|
|
|
Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – "na kho pana mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ bahudeva pucchitukāmā"ti.
|
When this was said, Kassapa said to the Buddha, “I don’t want to ask much.”
|
|
|
"Puccha, kassapa, yadākaṅkhasī"ti.
|
“Ask what you wish, Kassapa.”
|
|
|
"Kiṃ nu kho, bho gotama, 'sayaṃkataṃ dukkha'nti?
|
“Well, Mister Gotama, is suffering made by oneself?”
|
|
|
'Mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti bhagavā avoca.
|
“Not so, Kassapa,” said the Buddha.
|
|
|
'Kiṃ pana, bho gotama, paraṃkataṃ dukkha'nti?
|
“Then is suffering made by another?”
|
|
|
'Mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti bhagavā avoca.
|
“Not so, Kassapa,” said the Buddha.
|
|
|
'Kiṃ nu kho, bho gotama, sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca dukkha'nti?
|
“Well, is suffering made by both oneself and another?”
|
|
|
'Mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti bhagavā avoca.
|
“Not so, Kassapa,” said the Buddha.
|
|
|
'Kiṃ pana bho gotama, asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ dukkha'nti?
|
“Then does suffering arise by chance, not made by oneself or another?”
|
|
|
'Mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti bhagavā avoca.
|
“Not so, Kassapa,” said the Buddha.
|
|
|
'Kiṃ nu kho, bho gotama, natthi dukkha'nti?
|
“Well, is there no such thing as suffering?”
|
|
|
'Na kho, kassapa, natthi dukkhaṃ.
|
“It’s not that there’s no such thing as suffering.
|
|
|
Atthi kho, kassapa, dukkha'nti.
|
Suffering is real.”
|
|
|
'Tena hi bhavaṃ gotamo dukkhaṃ na jānāti, na passatī'ti.
|
“Then Mister Gotama doesn’t know nor see suffering.”
|
|
|
'Na khvāhaṃ, kassapa, dukkhaṃ na jānāmi, na passāmi.
|
“It’s not that I don’t know or see suffering.
|
|
|
Jānāmi khvāhaṃ, kassapa, dukkhaṃ; passāmi khvāhaṃ, kassapa, dukkha"'nti.
|
I do know suffering, I do see suffering.”
|
|
|
"Ki nu kho, bho gotama, 'sayaṃkataṃ dukkha'nti iti puṭṭho samāno 'mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti vadesi.
|
“Mister Gotama, when asked these questions,
|
|
|
'Kiṃ pana, bho gotama, paraṃkataṃ dukkha'nti iti puṭṭho samāno 'mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti vadesi.
|
|
|
|
'Kiṃ nu kho, bho gotama, sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca dukkha'nti iti puṭṭho samāno 'mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti vadesi.
|
|
|
|
'Kiṃ pana, bho gotama, asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ dukkha'nti iti puṭṭho samāno 'mā hevaṃ, kassapā'ti vadesi.
|
you say ‘not so’.
|
|
|
'Kiṃ nu kho, bho gotama, natthi dukkha'nti iti puṭṭho samāno 'na kho, kassapa, natthi dukkhaṃ, atthi kho, kassapa, dukkha'nti vadesi.
|
Yet you say that there is such a thing as suffering.
|
|
|
'Tena hi bhavaṃ gotamo dukkhaṃ na jānāti na passatī'ti iti puṭṭho samāno 'na khvāhaṃ, kassapa, dukkhaṃ na jānāmi na passāmi.
|
And you say that you do know suffering, and you do see suffering.
|
|
|
Jānāmi khvāhaṃ, kassapa, dukkhaṃ; passāmi khvāhaṃ, kassapa, dukkha'nti vadesi.
|
|
|
|
Ācikkhatu ca [ayaṃ cakāro sī. potthake natthi] me, bhante, bhagavā dukkhaṃ.
|
Sir, explain suffering to me!
|
|
|
Desetu ca [ayaṃ cakāro sī. potthake natthi] me, bhante, bhagavā dukkha"nti.
|
Teach me about suffering!”
|
|
|
"'So karoti so paṭisaṃvedayatī'ti [paṭisaṃvediyatīti (sī. pī. ka.)] kho, kassapa, ādito sato 'sayaṃkataṃ dukkha'nti iti vadaṃ sassataṃ etaṃ pareti.
|
“Suppose that the person who does the deed experiences the result. Then for one who has existed since the beginning, suffering is made by oneself. This statement leans toward eternalism.
|
|
|
'Añño karoti añño paṭisaṃvedayatī'ti kho, kassapa, vedanābhitunnassa sato 'paraṃkataṃ dukkha'nti iti vadaṃ ucchedaṃ etaṃ pareti.
|
Suppose that one person does the deed and another experiences the result. Then for one stricken by feeling, suffering is made by another. This statement leans toward annihilationism.
|
|
|
Ete te, kassapa, ubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathāgato dhammaṃ deseti – 'avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ - pe - evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.
|
Avoiding these two extremes, the Realized One teaches by the middle way: ‘Ignorance is a condition for choices. Choices are a condition for consciousness. … That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.
|
|
|
Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho - pe - evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī"'ti.
|
When ignorance fades away and ceases with nothing left over, choices cease. When choices cease, consciousness ceases. … That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.’”
|
|
|
Evaṃ vutte, acelo kassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – "abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante!
|
When this was said, Kassapa said to the Buddha, “Excellent, sir! Excellent!
|
|
|
Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya - pe - cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.
|
As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.
|
|
|
Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.
|
I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.
|
|
|
Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada"nti.
|
Sir, may I receive the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence?”
|
|
|
"Yo kho, kassapa, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati.
|
“Kassapa, if someone formerly ordained in another sect wishes to take the going forth, the ordination in this teaching and training, they must spend four months on probation.
|
|
|
Catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena [accayena parivuṭṭhaparivāsaṃ (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] (parivutthaparivāsaṃ) āraddhacittā bhikkhū [bhikkhū ākaṅkhamānā (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya.
|
When four months have passed, if the mendicants are satisfied, they’ll give the going forth, the ordination into monkhood.
|
|
|
Api ca mayā puggalavemattatā viditā"ti.
|
However, I have recognized individual differences.”
|
|
|
"Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, cattāro māse parivasati.
|
“Sir, if four months probation are required in such a case, I’ll spend four years on probation.
|
|
|
Catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena [accayena parivuṭṭhaparivāsaṃ (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] (parivutthaparivāsaṃ) āraddhacittā bhikkhū [bhikkhū ākaṅkhamānā (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya.
|
When four years have passed, if the mendicants are satisfied, let them give me the going forth, the ordination into monkhood.”
|
|
|
Ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi, catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena [accayena parivuṭṭhaparivāsaṃ (syā. kaṃ. pī. ka.)] (parivutthaparivāsaṃ) āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā"ti.
|
|
|
|
Alattha kho acelo kassapo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ.
|
And the naked ascetic Kassapa received the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence.
|
|
|
Acirūpasampanno ca panāyasmā kassapo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.
|
Not long after his ordination, Venerable Kassapa, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. He lived having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.
|
|
|
"Khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā"ti abbhaññāsi.
|
He understood: “Rebirth is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is no return to any state of existence.”
|
|
|
Aññataro ca panāyasmā kassapo arahataṃ ahosīti.
|
And Venerable Kassapa became one of the perfected.
|
|
|
Sattamaṃ.
|
|
|