Комментарий к анализу отказа от правил обучения (Sikkhāpaccakkhānavibhaṅgavaṇṇanā)

Sikkhaṃappaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvāti sikkhañca appaṭikkhipitvā dubbalabhāvañca appakāsetvā.

Yasmā ca dubbalye āvikatepi sikkhā appaccakkhātāva hoti, sikkhāya pana paccakkhātāya dubbalyaṃ āvikatameva hoti.

Tasmā "dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā"ti iminā padena na koci visesattho labbhati.

Yathā pana "dirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeyyā"ti vutte dirattavacanena na koci visesattho labbhati, kevalaṃ lokavohāravasena byañjanasiliṭṭhatāya mukhārūḷhatāya etaṃ vuttaṃ.

Evamidampi vohāravasena byañjanasiliṭṭhatāya mukhārūḷhatāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

Yasmā vā bhagavā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, tasmā "sikkhaṃ appaccakkhāyā"ti iminā atthaṃ sampādetvā "dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā"ti iminā byañjanaṃ sampādeti.

Parivārakapadavirahitañhi ekameva atthapadaṃ vuccamānaṃ parivāravirahito rājā viya, vatthālaṅkāravirahito viya ca puriso na sobhati; parivārakena pana atthānulomena sahāyapadena saddhiṃ taṃ sobhatīti.

Yasmā vā sikkhāpaccakkhānassa ekaccaṃ dubbalyāvikammaṃ attho hoti, tasmā taṃ sandhāya "sikkhaṃ appaccakkhāyā"tipadassa atthaṃ vivaranto "dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā"ti āha.

Tattha siyā yasmā na sabbaṃ dubbalyāvikammaṃ sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ, tasmā "dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā"ti paṭhamaṃ vatvā tassa atthaniyamanatthaṃ "sikkhaṃ appaccakkhāyā"ti vattabbanti, tañca na; kasmā?

Atthānukkamābhāvato.

"Sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno"ti hi vuttattā yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno, taṃ appaccakkhāyāti vuccamāno anukkameneva attho vutto hoti, na aññathā.

Tasmā idameva paṭhamaṃ vuttanti.

Apica anupaṭipāṭiyāpi ettha attho veditabbo.

Kathaṃ?

"Sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno"ti ettha yaṃ sikkhaṃ samāpanno taṃ appaccakkhāya yañca sājīvaṃ samāpanno tattha dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvāti.

Idāni sikkhāpaccakkhānadubbalyāvikammānaṃ visesāvisesaṃ sikkhāpaccakkhānalakkhaṇañca dassento "atthi bhikkhave"tiādimāha.

Tattha atthi bhikkhavetiādīni dve mātikāpadāni; tāni vibhajanto "kathañca bhikkhave"tiādimāha.

Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā – kathanti kena ākārena.

Dubbalyāvikammañcāti dubbalyassa āvikammañca.

Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane.

Ukkaṇṭhitoti anabhiratiyā imasmiṃ sāsane kicchajīvikappatto.

Atha vā ajja yāmi, sve yāmi, ito yāmi, ettha yāmīti uddhaṃ kaṇṭhaṃ katvā viharamāno, vikkhitto anekaggoti vuttaṃ hoti.

Anabhiratoti sāsane abhirativirahito.

Sāmaññā cavitukāmoti samaṇabhāvato apagantukāmo.

Bhikkhubhāvanti bhikkhubhāvena.

Karaṇatthe upayogavacanaṃ.

"Kaṇṭhe āsattena aṭṭīyeyyā"tiādīsu (pārā. 162) pana yathālakkhaṇaṃ karaṇavacaneneva vuttaṃ.

Aṭṭīyamānoti aṭṭaṃ pīḷitaṃ dukkhitaṃ viya attānaṃ ācaramāno; tena vā bhikkhubhāvena aṭṭo kariyamāno pīḷiyamānoti attho.

Harāyamānoti lajjamāno.

Jigucchamānoti asuciṃ viya taṃ jigucchanto.

Gihibhāvaṃ patthayamānotiādīni uttānatthāniyeva.

Yaṃnūnāhaṃ buddhaṃ paccakkheyyanti ettha yaṃnūnāti parivitakkadassane nipāto.

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – "sacāhaṃ buddhaṃ paccakkheyyaṃ, sādhu vata me siyā"ti.

Vadati viññāpetīti imamatthaṃ etehi vā aññehi vā byañjanehi vacībhedaṃ katvā vadati ceva, yassa ca vadati, taṃ viññāpeti jānāpeti.

Evampīti uparimatthasampiṇḍanatto pikāro.

Evampi dubbalyāvikammañceva hoti sikkhā ca appaccakkhātā, aññathāpi.

Idāni taṃ aññathāpi dubbalyāvikammaṃ sikkhāya ca appaccakkhānaṃ dassento "atha vā panā"tiādimāha.

Taṃ sabbaṃ atthato uttānameva.

Padato panettha ādito paṭṭhāya "buddhaṃ paccakkheyyaṃ, dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ, sikkhaṃ, vinayaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ, uddesaṃ, upajjhāyaṃ, ācariyaṃ, saddhivihārikaṃ, antevāsikaṃ, samānupajjhāyakaṃ, samānācariyakaṃ, sabrahmacāriṃ paccakkheyya"nti imāni cuddasa padāni paccakkhānākārena vuttāni.

Gihī assantiādīni "gihī, upāsako, ārāmiko, sāmaṇero, titthiyo, titthiyasāvako, assamaṇo, asakyaputtiyo assa"nti imāni aṭṭha padāni "assa"nti iminā bhāvavikappākārena vuttāni.

Evaṃ "yaṃnūnāha"nti iminā paṭisaṃyuttāni dvāvīsati padāni.

46.Yathā ca etāni, evaṃ "yadi panāhaṃ, apāhaṃ, handāhaṃ, hoti me"ti imesu ekamekena paṭisaṃyuttāni dvāvīsatīti sabbāneva satañca dasa ca padāni honti.

47.Tato paraṃ saritabbavatthudassananayena pavattāni "mātaraṃ sarāmī"tiādīni sattarasa padāni.

Tattha khettanti sālikhettādiṃ.

Vatthunti tiṇapaṇṇasākaphalāphalasamuṭṭhānaṭṭhānaṃ.

Sippanti kumbhakārapesakārasippādikaṃ.

48.Tato paraṃ sakiñcanasapalibodhabhāvadassanavasena pavattāni "mātā me atthi, sā mayā posetabbā"tiādīni nava padāni.

49.Tato paraṃ sanissayasappatiṭṭhabhāvadassanavasena pavattāni "mātā me atthi, sā maṃ posessatī"tiādīni soḷasa padāni.

50.Tato paraṃ ekabhattaekaseyyabrahmacariyānaṃ dukkarabhāvadassanavasena pavattāni "dukkara"ntiādīni aṭṭha padāni.

Tattha dukkaranti ekabhattādīnaṃ karaṇe dukkarataṃ dasseti.

Na sukaranti sukarabhāvaṃ paṭikkhipati.

Evaṃ duccaraṃ na sucaranti ettha.

Na ussahāmīti tattha ussāhābhāvaṃ asakkuṇeyyataṃ dasseti.

Na visahāmīti asayhataṃ dasseti.

Na ramāmīti ratiyā abhāvaṃ dasseti.

Nābhiramāmīti abhiratiyā abhāvaṃ dasseti.

Evaṃ imāni ca paññāsa, purimāni ca dasuttarasatanti saṭṭhisataṃ padāni dubbalyāvikammavāre vuttānīti veditabbāni.

51.Sikkhāpaccakkhānavārepi "kathañca bhikkhave"ti ādi sabbaṃ atthato uttānameva.

Padato panetthāpi "buddhaṃ paccakkhāmi, dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ, sikkhaṃ, vinayaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ, uddesaṃ, upajjhāyaṃ, ācariyaṃ, saddhivihārikaṃ, antevāsikaṃ, samānupajjhāyakaṃ, samānācariyakaṃ, sabrahmacāriṃ paccakkhāmī"ti imāni cuddasa padāni sikkhāpaccakkhānavacanasambandhena pavattāni.

Sabbapadesu ca "vadati viññāpetī"ti vacanassa ayamattho – vacībhedaṃ katvā vadati, yassa ca vadati taṃ teneva vacībhedena "ayaṃ sāsanaṃ jahitukāmo sāsanato muccitukāmo bhikkhubhāvaṃ cajitukāmo imaṃ vākyabhedaṃ karotī"ti viññāpeti sāveti jānāpeti.

Sace panāyaṃ "buddhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti vattukāmo padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ katvā "paccakkhāmi buddha"nti vā vadeyya.

Milakkhabhāsāsu vā aññatarabhāsāya tamatthaṃ vadeyya.

"Buddhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti vattukāmo uppaṭipāṭiyā "dhammaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti vā "sabrahmacāriṃ paccakkhāmī"ti vā vadeyya, seyyathāpi uttarimanussadhammavibhaṅge "paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjāmī"ti vattukāmo "dutiyaṃ jhāna"nti vadati, sace yassa vadati so "ayaṃ bhikkhubhāvaṃ cajitukāmo etamatthaṃ vadatī"ti ettakamattampi jānāti, viraddhaṃ nāma natthi; khettameva otiṇṇaṃ, paccakkhātāva hoti sikkhā.

Sakkattā vā brahmattā vā cutasatto viya cutova hoti sāsanā.

Sace pana "buddhaṃ paccakkhi"nti vā, "buddhaṃ paccakkhissāmī"ti vā, "buddhaṃ paccakkheyya"nti vāti atītānāgataparikappavacanehi vadati, dūtaṃ vā pahiṇāti, sāsanaṃ vā peseti, akkharaṃ vā chindati, hatthamuddāya vā tamatthaṃ āroceti, appaccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Uttarimanussadhammārocanaṃ pana hatthamuddāyapi sīsaṃ eti.

Sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ manussajātikasattassa santike cittasampayuttaṃ vacībhedaṃ karontasseva sīsaṃ eti.

Vacībhedaṃ katvā viññāpentopi ca yadi "ayameva jānātū"ti ekaṃ niyametvā āroceti, tañca soyeva jānāti, paccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Atha so na jānāti, añño samīpe ṭhito jānāti, appaccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Atha dvinnaṃ ṭhitaṭṭhāne dvinnampi niyametvā "etesaṃ ārocemī"ti vadati, tesu ekasmiṃ jānantepi dvīsu jānantesupi paccakkhātāva hoti sikkhā.

Evaṃ sambahulesupi veditabbaṃ.

Sace pana anabhiratiyā pīḷito sabhāge bhikkhū parisaṅkamāno "yo koci jānātū"ti uccasaddaṃ karonto "buddhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti vadati, tañca avidūre ṭhito navakammiko vā añño vā samayaññū puriso sutvā "ukkaṇṭhito ayaṃ samaṇo gihibhāvaṃ pattheti, sāsanato cuto"ti jānāti, paccakkhātāva hoti sikkhā.

Taṅkhaṇaññeva pana apubbaṃ acarimaṃ dujjānaṃ, sace āvajjanasamaye jānāti; yathā pakatiyā loke manussā vacanaṃ sutvā jānanti, paccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Atha aparabhāge "kiṃ iminā vutta"nti kaṅkhanto cirena jānāti, appaccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Idañhi sikkhāpaccakkhānañca upari abhūtārocanaduṭṭhullavācā-attakāmaduṭṭhadosabhūtā-rocanasikkhāpadāni ca ekaparicchedāni.

Āvajjanasamaye ñāte eva sīsaṃ enti, "kiṃ ayaṃ bhaṇatī"ti kaṅkhatā cirena ñāte sīsaṃ na enti.

Yathā cāyaṃ "buddhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti pade vinicchaye vutto; evaṃ sabbapadesu veditabbo.

Yasmā ca yadā sikkhā paccakkhātā hoti, tadā "yaṃnūnāhaṃ buddhaṃ paccakkheyya"ntiādīni avadatāpi dubbalyaṃ āvikatameva hoti; tasmā sabbesaṃ padānaṃ avasāne vuttaṃ – "evampi, bhikkhave, dubbalyāvikammañceva hoti sikkhā ca paccakkhātā"ti.

Tato paraṃ gihīti maṃ dhārehīti ettha sacepi "gihī bhavissāmī"ti vā "gihī homī"ti vā "gihī jātomhī"ti vā "gihimhī"ti vā vadati, appaccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Sace pana "ajja paṭṭhāya gihīti maṃ dhārehī"ti vā "jānāhī"ti vā "sañjānāhī"ti vā "manasi karohī"ti vā vadati, ariyakena vā vadati milakkhakena vā; evametasmiṃ atthe vutte yassa vadati, sace so jānāti, paccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Esa nayo sesesupi "upāsako"tiādīsu sattasu padesu.

Evaṃ imāni ca aṭṭha, purimāni ca cuddasāti dvāvīsati padāni honti.

52.Ito paraṃ purimāneva cuddasa padāni "alaṃ me, kinnu me, na mamattho, sumuttāha"nti imehi catūhi yojetvā vuttāni chappaññāsa honti.

Tattha alanti hotu, pariyattanti attho.

Kiṃnu meti kiṃ mayhaṃ kiccaṃ, kiṃ karaṇīyaṃ, kiṃ sādhetabbanti attho.

Na mamatthoti natthi mama attho.

Sumuttāhanti sumutto ahaṃ.

Sesamettha vuttanayameva.

Evaṃ imāni ca chappaññāsa purimāni ca dvāvīsatīti aṭṭhasattati padāni sarūpeneva vuttāni.

53.Yasmā pana tesaṃ vevacanehipi sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti, tasmā "yāni vā panaññānipī"tiādimāha.

Tattha yāni vā panaññānipīti pāḷiyaṃ "buddha"ntiādīni āgatapadāni ṭhapetvā yāni aññāni atthi.

Buddhavevacanāni vāti buddhassa vā pariyāyanāmāni - pe - asakyaputtiyassa vā.

Tattha vaṇṇapaṭṭhāne āgataṃ nāmasahassaṃ upāligāthāsu (ma. ni. 2.76) nāmasataṃ aññāni ca guṇato labbhamānāni nāmāni "buddhavevacanānī"ti veditabbāni.

Sabbānipi dhammassa nāmāni dhammavevacanānīti veditabbāni.

Esa nayo sabbattha.

Ayaṃ panettha yojanā – buddhaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevavacanena paccakkhānaṃ yathārutameva.

"Sammāsambuddhaṃ paccakkhāmi, anantabuddhiṃ, anomabuddhiṃ, bodhipaññāṇaṃ, dhīraṃ, vigatamohaṃ, pabhinnakhīlaṃ, vijitavijayaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evamādibuddhavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ.

Dhammaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ, yathārutameva.

"Svākkhātaṃ dhammaṃ paccakkhāmi, sandiṭṭhikaṃ, akālikaṃ, ehipassikaṃ, opaneyyikaṃ, paccattaṃ veditabbaṃ viññūhi dhammaṃ paccakkhāmi.

Asaṅkhataṃ dhammaṃ paccakkhāmi; virāgaṃ, nirodhaṃ, amataṃ dhammaṃ paccakkhāmi, dīghanikāyaṃ paccakkhāmi, brahmajālaṃ majjhimanikāyaṃ, mūlapariyāyaṃ, saṃyuttanikāyaṃ, oghataraṇaṃ, aṅguttaranikāyaṃ, cittapariyādānaṃ, khuddakanikāyaṃ, jātakaṃ, abhidhammaṃ, kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, akusalaṃ dhammaṃ, abyākataṃ dhammaṃ, satipaṭṭhānaṃ, sammappadhānaṃ, iddhipādaṃ, indriyaṃ, balaṃ, bojjhaṅgaṃ, maggaṃ, phalaṃ, nibbānaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassesu ekadhammakkhandhassapi nāmaṃ dhammavevacanameva.

Evaṃ dhammavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Saṅghaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Suppaṭipannaṃ saṅghaṃ paccakkhāmi, ujuppaṭipannaṃ, ñāyappaṭipannaṃ, sāmīcippaṭipannaṃ saṅghaṃ, catupurisayugaṃ saṅghaṃ, aṭṭhapurisapuggalaṃ saṅghaṃ, āhuneyyaṃ saṅghaṃ, pāhuneyyaṃ, dakkhiṇeyyaṃ, añjalikaraṇīyaṃ, anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ saṅghaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ saṅghavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Sikkhaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Bhikkhusikkhaṃ paccakkhāmi, bhikkhunīsikkhaṃ, adhisīlasikkhaṃ, adhicittasikkhaṃ, adhipaññāsikkhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ sikkhāvevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Vinayaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Bhikkhuvinayaṃ paccakkhāmi, bhikkhunīvinayaṃ, paṭhamaṃ pārājikaṃ, dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ catutthaṃ pārājikaṃ, saṅghādisesaṃ, thullaccayaṃ, pācittiyaṃ, pāṭidesanīyaṃ, dukkaṭaṃ, dubbhāsitaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evamādivinayavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Pātimokkhaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Bhikkhupātimokkhaṃ bhikkhunīpātimokkhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ pātimokkhavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Uddesaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Bhikkhupātimokkhuddesaṃ, bhikkhunīpātimokkhuddesaṃ, paṭhamaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ, dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ, sammāsambuddhuddesaṃ, anantabuddhiuddesaṃ, anomabuddhiuddesaṃ, bodhipaññāṇuddesaṃ, dhīruddesaṃ, vigatamohuddesaṃ, pabhinnakhīluddesaṃ, vijitavijayuddesaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evamādiuddesavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Upajjhāyaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Yo maṃ pabbājesi, yo maṃ upasampādesi, yassa mūlenāhaṃ pabbajito, yassa mūlenāhaṃ upasampanno, yassamūlikā mayhaṃ pabbajjā, yassamūlikā mayhaṃ upasampadā tāhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ upajjhāyavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Ācariyaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Yo maṃ pabbājesi, yo maṃ anussāvesi, yāhaṃ nissāya vasāmi, yāhaṃ uddisāpemi, yāhaṃ paripucchāmi, yo maṃ uddisati, yo maṃ paripucchāpeti tāhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ ācariyavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Saddhivihārikaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Yāhaṃ pabbājesiṃ, yāhaṃ upasampādesiṃ, mayhaṃ mūlena yo pabbajito, mayhaṃ mūlena yo upasampanno, mayhaṃmūlikā yassa pabbajjā, mayhaṃ mūlikā yassa upasampadā tāhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ saddhivihārikavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Antevāsikaṃpaccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Yāhaṃ pabbājesiṃ, yāhaṃ anussāvesiṃ, yo maṃ nissāya vasati, yo maṃ uddisāpeti, yo maṃ paripucchati, yassāhaṃ uddisāmi, yāhaṃ paripucchāpemi taṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ antevāsikavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Samānupajjhāyakaṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Mayhaṃ upajjhāyo yaṃ pabbājesi, yaṃ upasampādesi, yo tassa mūlena pabbajito, yo tassa mūlena upasampanno, yassa tammūlikā pabbajjā, yassa tammūlikā upasampadā taṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ samānupajjhāyakavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Samānācariyakaṃpaccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Mayhaṃ ācariyo yaṃ pabbājesi, yaṃ anussāvesi, yo taṃ nissāya vasati, yo taṃ uddisāpeti paripucchati, yassa me ācariyo uddisati, yaṃ paripucchāpeti taṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ samānācariyakavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Sabrahmacāriṃ paccakkhāmīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Yenāhaṃ saddhiṃ adhisīlaṃ sikkhāmi, adhicittaṃ adhipaññaṃ sikkhāmi taṃ paccakkhāmī"ti evaṃ sabrahmacārivevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Gihīti maṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Āgārikoti maṃ dhārehi, kassako, vāṇijo, gorakkho, okallako, moḷibaddho, kāmaguṇikoti maṃ dhārehī"ti evaṃ gihivevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Upāsakotimaṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Dvevāciko upāsakoti maṃ dhārehi, tevāciko upāsako, buddhaṃ saraṇagamaniko, dhammaṃ saṅghaṃ saraṇagamaniko, pañcasikkhāpadiko dasasikkhāpadiko upāsakoti maṃ dhārehī"ti evaṃ upāsakavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Ārāmikoti maṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Kappiyakārakoti maṃ dhārehi, veyyāvaccakaro, appaharitakārako, yāgubhājako, phalabhājako, khajjakabhājakoti maṃ dhārehī"ti evaṃ ārāmikavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Sāmaṇeroti maṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Kumārakoti maṃ dhārehi, cellako, ceṭako, moḷigallo, samaṇuddeso'ti maṃ dhārehī"ti evaṃ sāmaṇeravecanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Titthiyoti maṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Nigaṇṭhoti maṃ dhārehi, ājīvako, tāpaso, paribbājako, paṇḍaraṅgoti maṃ dhārehī"ti evaṃ titthiyavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Titthiyasāvakotimaṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Nigaṇṭhasāvakoti maṃ dhārehi" ājīvaka tāpasa paribbājaka paṇḍaraṅgasāvakoti maṃ dhārehīti evaṃ titthiyasāvakavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Assamaṇoti maṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Dussīloti maṃ dhārehi, pāpadhammo, asucisaṅkassarasamācāro, paṭicchannakammanto, assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño, abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño, antopūti, avassuto, kasambujāto, koṇṭho'ti maṃ dhārehī"ti evaṃ assamaṇavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Asakyaputtiyoti maṃ dhārehīti na vevacanena paccakkhānaṃ.

"Na sammāsambuddhaputtoti maṃ dhārehi, na anantabuddhiputto, na anomabuddhiputto, na bodhipaññāṇaputto, na dhīraputto, na vigatamohaputto, na pabhinnakhīlaputto, na vijitavijayaputtoti maṃ dhārehī"ti evamādiasakyaputtiyavevacanena sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ hoti.

Tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehīti tehi "buddhavevacanāni vā"tiādinā nayena vuttehi buddhādīnaṃ vevacanehi.

Vevacanāni hi sikkhāpaccakkhānassa kāraṇattā ākārāni, buddhādīnaṃ saṇṭhānadīpanattā sikkhāpaccakkhānasaṇṭhānattā eva vā liṅgāni, sikkhāpaccakkhānassa sañjānanahetuto manussānaṃ tilakādīni viya nimittānīti vuccanti.

Evaṃ kho bhikkhaveti ito paraṃ aññassa sikkhāpaccakkhānakāraṇassa abhāvato niyamento āha.

Ayañhettha attho, evameva dubbalyāvikammañceva hoti sikkhāpaccakkhānañca, na ito paraṃ kāraṇamatthīti.

54.Evaṃ sikkhāpaccakkhānalakkhaṇaṃ dassetvā appaccakkhāne asammohatthaṃ tasseva ca sikkhāpaccakkhānalakkhaṇassa puggalādivasena vipattidassanatthaṃ "kathañca, bhikkhave, appaccakkhātā"tiādimāha.

Tattha yehi ākārehītiādi vuttanayameva.

Ummattakoti yakkhummattako vā pittummattako vā yo koci viparītasañño, so sace paccakkhāti, appaccakkhātā hoti sikkhā.

Ummattakassāti tādisasseva ummattakassa; tādisassa hi santike sace pakatatto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāti, ummattako na jānāti, appaccakkhātāva hoti sikkhā.

Khittacittoti yakkhummattako vuccati.

Purimapade pana ummattakasāmaññena vuttaṃ "yakkhummattako vā pittummattako vā"ti.

Ubhinnampi viseso anāpattivāre āvi bhavissati.

Evaṃ khittacitto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāti, appaccakkhātāva hoti.

Tassa santike paccakkhātāpi tamhi ajānante appaccakkhātāva hoti.

Vedanāṭṭoti balavatiyā dukkhavedanāya phuṭṭho mucchāpareto; tena vilapantena paccakkhātāpi appaccakkhātāva hoti.

Tassa santike paccakkhātāpi tamhi ajānante appaccakkhātā hoti.

Devatāya santiketi bhummadevataṃ ādiṃ katvā yāva akaniṭṭhadevatāya santike paccakkhātāpi appaccakkhātāva hoti.

Tiracchānagatassāti nāgamāṇavakassa vā supaṇṇamāṇavakassa vā kinnara-hatthi-makkaṭādīnaṃ vā yassa kassaci santike paccakkhātāpi appaccakkhātāva hoti.

Tatra ummattakādīnaṃ santike ajānanabhāvena appaccakkhātāti āha.

Devatāya santike atikhippaṃ jānanabhāvena.

Devatā nāma mahāpaññā tihetukapaṭisandhikā atikhippaṃ jānanti, cittañca nāmetaṃ lahuparivattaṃ.

Tasmā cittalahukassa puggalassa cittavaseneva "mā atikhippaṃ vināso ahosī"ti devatāya santike sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ paṭikkhipi.

Manussesu pana niyamo natthi.

Yassa kassaci sabhāgassa vā visabhāgassa vā gahaṭṭhassa vā pabbajitassa vā viññussa santike paccakkhātā paccakkhātāva hoti.

Sace pana so na jānāti, appaccakkhātāva hotīti etamatthaṃ dassento "ariyakenā"tiādimāha.

Tattha ariyakaṃ nāma ariyavohāro, māgadhabhāsā.

Milakkhakaṃ nāma yo koci anariyako andhadamiḷādi.

So ca na paṭivijānātīti bhāsantare vā anabhiññatāya, buddhasamaye vā akovidatāya "idaṃ nāma atthaṃ esa bhaṇatī"ti nappaṭivijānāti.

Davāyāti sahasā aññaṃ bhaṇitukāmo sahasā "buddhaṃ paccakkhāmī"ti bhaṇati.

Ravāyāti ravābhaññena, "aññaṃ bhaṇissāmī"ti aññaṃ bhaṇanto.

Purimena ko visesoti ce?

Purimaṃ paṇḍitassāpi sahasāvasena aññabhaṇanaṃ.

Idaṃ pana mandattā momūhattā apakataññuttā pakkhalantassa "aññaṃ bhaṇissāmī"ti aññabhaṇanaṃ.

Asāvetukāmo sāvetīti imassa sikkhāpadassa pāḷiṃ vāceti paripucchati uggaṇhāti sajjhāyaṃ karoti vaṇṇeti, ayaṃ vuccati "asāvetukāmo sāvetī"ti.

Sāvetukāmo na sāvetīti dubbalabhāvaṃ āvikatvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhanto vacībhedaṃ na karoti, ayaṃ vuccati "sāvetukāmo na sāvetī"ti.

Aviññussa sāvetīti mahallakassa vā potthakarūpasadisassa, garumedhassa vā samaye akovidassa, gāmadārakānaṃ vā aviññutaṃ pattānaṃ sāveti.

Viññussa na sāvetīti paṇḍitassa ñātuṃ samatthassa na sāveti.

Sabbaso vā panāti "buddhaṃ paccakkhāmī"tiādīsu yena yena pariyāyena sikkhā paccakkhātā hoti, tato ekampi vacībhedaṃ katvā na sāveti.

Evaṃ khoti appaccakkhānalakkhaṇaṃ niyameti.

Ayaṃ hettha attho – "evameva sikkhā appaccakkhātā hoti, na aññena kāraṇenā"ti.