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khantibalo - русский
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Ete haṃsā pakkamantīti idaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto ānandatherassa jīvitapariccāgameva ārabbha kathesi.
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"There go the birds," etc. This story the Master, while residing in the Bamboo Grove, told concerning the elder Ānanda's renunciation of life.
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Vatthu heṭṭhā vuttasadisameva, idha pana satthā atītaṃ āharanto idamāhari.
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The introductory story is exactly like one already given, but on this occasion the Master in telling a story of the past related the following tale.
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Atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ saṃyamassa nāma bārāṇasirañño khemā nāma aggamahesī ahosi.
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Once upon a time at Benares a king named Saṁyama had a chief consort named Khemā.
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Tadā bodhisatto navutihaṃsasahassaparivuto cittakūṭe vihāsi.
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At that time the Bodhisatta with a following of ninety thousand geese dwelt on mount Cittakūṭa.
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Athekadivasaṃ khemā devī paccūsasamaye supinaṃ addasa.
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Now one day at daybreak queen Khemā saw a vision.
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Suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā āgantvā rājapallaṅke nisīditvā madhurassarena dhammakathaṃ kathesuṃ.
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Some gold-coloured geese came and perching upon the royal throne with a sweet voice preached the Law.
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Deviyā sādhukāraṃ datvā dhammaṃ suṇantiyā dhammassavanena atittāya eva ratti vibhāyi.
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While the queen was listening and applauding and had not yet had her fill of the exposition of the Law, it became broad daylight,
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Haṃsā dhammaṃ kathetvā sīhapañjarena nikkhamitvā agamaṃsu.
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and the geese finished their discourse and departed by the open window.
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Sā vegenuṭṭhāya "palāyamāne haṃse gaṇhatha gaṇhathā"ti vatvā hatthaṃ pasārentīyeva pabujjhi.
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The queen, rising in haste, cried, "Catch them, catch the geese, before they escape," and in the act of stretching forth her hand she awoke.
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Tassā kathaṃ sutvā paricārikāyo "kuhiṃ haṃsā"ti thokaṃ avahasiṃsu.
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Hearing her words her handmaids said, "Where are the geese? " and softly laughed.
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Sā tasmiṃ khaṇe supinabhāvaṃ ñatvā cintesi – "ahaṃ abhūtaṃ na passāmi, addhā imasmiṃ loke suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā bhavissanti, sace kho pana 'suvaṇṇahaṃsānaṃ dhammaṃ sotukāmāmhī'ti rājānaṃ vakkhāmi, 'amhehi suvaṇṇahaṃsā nāma na diṭṭhapubbā, haṃsānañca kathā nāma abhūtāyevā'ti vatvā nirussukko bhavissati, 'dohaḷo'ti vutte pana yena kenaci upāyena pariyesissati, evaṃ me manoratho samijjhissatī"ti.
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At this moment the queen knew that it was a dream, and thought, "I do not see the thing that is not: surely there must be golden geese in this world, but if I should say to the king, "I am anxious to hear the preaching of the Law by golden geese," he will say, "We have never yet seen any golden geese; there is no such thing as preaching by geese," and he will take no pains in the matter: but if I say, "It is a pregnant longing on my part," he will search for them in every possible way and so will the desire of my heart be fulfilled."
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Sā gilānālayaṃ dassetvā paricārikānaṃ saññaṃ datvā nipajji.
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So pretending to be sick she gave instructions to her servants and lay down.
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Rājā rājāsane nisinno tassā dassanavelāya taṃ adisvā "kahaṃ, khemā devī"ti pucchitvā "gilānā"ti sutvā tassā santikaṃ gantvā sayanekadese nisīditvā piṭṭhiṃ parimajjanto "kiṃ te aphāsuka"nti pucchi.
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The king, when he had taken his seat upon his throne, not seeing her at the usual time of her appearance, inquired where queen Khemā was, and, hearing she was sick, he went to her and sitting on one side of the bed he chafed her back and inquired if she were ill.
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"Deva aññaṃ aphāsukaṃ natthi, dohaḷo pana me uppanno"ti.
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"My lord," she said, "I am not ill but the longings of a pregnant woman have come upon me."
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Tena hi "bhaṇa, devi, yaṃ icchasi, taṃ sīghaṃ te upanāmessāmī"ti.
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"Say, lady, what you would have, and I will soon fetch it you."
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"Mahārāja, ahamekassa suvaṇṇahaṃsassa samussitasetacchatte rājapallaṅke nisinnassa gandhamālādīhi pūjaṃ katvā sādhukāraṃ dadamānā dhammakathaṃ sotumicchāmi, sace labhāmi, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ, no ce, jīvitaṃ me natthī"ti.
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"Sire, I long to listen to the preaching of the Law by a golden goose, while it sits upon the royal throne, with a white umbrella spread over it, and to pay homage to it with scented wreaths and such like marks of honour, and to express my approval of it. If I should attain to this, it is well: otherwise there is no life in me."
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Atha naṃ rājā "sace manussaloke atthi, labhissasi, mā cintayī"ti assāsetvā sirigabbhato nikkhamma amaccehi saddhiṃ mantesi – "ambho, khemā devī, 'suvaṇṇahaṃsassa dhammakathaṃ sotuṃ labhantī jīvissāmi, alabhantiyā me jīvitaṃ natthī'ti vadati, atthi nu kho suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā"ti.
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Then the king comforted her and said, "If there is such a thing in the world of men, you shall have it: do not vex yourself." And going forth from the queen's chamber he took counsel with his ministers, saying, "Mark you, queen Khemā says, "If I can hear a golden goose preach the Law, I shall live, but otherwise I shall die"; pray, are there any golden geese?
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"Deva amhehi neva diṭṭhapubbā na sutapubbā"ti.
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"Sire," they answered, "we have never either seen or heard of them."
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"Ke pana jāneyyu"nti?
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"Who would know about it?
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"Brāhmaṇā, devā"ti.
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" "The brahmins, sire,"
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Rājā brāhmaṇe pakkosāpetvā sakkāraṃ katvā pucchi – "honti nu kho ācariyā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā"ti?
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The king summoned the brahmins and asked them, saying, "Are there such things as golden geese who teach the Law 1?
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"Āma, mahārāja amhākaṃ mantesumacchā, kakkaṭakā, kacchapā, migā, morā, haṃsāti cha ete tiracchānagatā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā hontīti āgatā, tattha dhataraṭṭhakulahaṃsā nāma paṇḍitā ñāṇasampannā, iti manussehi saddhiṃ satta suvaṇṇavaṇṇā hontī"ti.
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" "Yes, sire, it has come down by tradition to us that fish, crabs, tortoises, deer, peacocks, geese, all these are found of a golden colour. Amongst them, they say, the family of Dhataraṭṭha geese are wise and learned. Including men there are seven creatures that are gold-coloured."
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Taṃ sutvā rājā attamano hutvā "kahaṃ nu kho ācariyā dhataraṭṭhahaṃsā vasantī"ti pucchitvā "na jānāma, mahārājā"ti vutte "atha ke pana jānissantī"ti vatvā "luddaputtā"ti vutte sabbe attano vijite luddake sannipātāpetvā pucchi – "tātā, suvaṇṇavaṇṇā dhataraṭṭhakulahaṃsā nāma kahaṃ vasantī"ti?
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The king was greatly pleased and asked, "Where dwell these scholarly ruddy geese? " "We do not know, sire." "Then who will know? " And when they answered, "The tribe of fowlers," he gathered together all the fowlers in his dominion and asked them, saying, "My friends, where dwell gold-coloured geese of the Dhataraṭṭha family?
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Atheko luddo "himavante kira, deva, cittakūṭapabbateti no kulaparamparāya kathentī"ti āha.
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" Then a certain fowler said, "People tell us, sire, by tradition from one generation to another, that they dwell in the Himalayas, on mount Cittakūṭa."
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"Jānāsi pana nesaṃ gahaṇūpāya"nti?
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"Do you know how to catch them?
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"Na jānāmi, devā"ti.
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" "I do not know, sire."
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"Ke pana jānissantī"ti?
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"Who would know about it?"
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Brāhmaṇāti.
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"The brahmins, sire,"
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So brāhmaṇapaṇḍite pakkosāpetvā cittakūṭapabbate suvaṇṇavaṇṇānaṃ haṃsānaṃ atthibhāvaṃ ārocetvā "jānātha nu kho tesaṃ gahaṇūpāya"nti pucchi.
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He summoned his wise brahmins [356] and after telling them that there were golden geese on Cittakūṭa, he asked if they knew any way to catch them.
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"Mahārāja, kiṃ tehi gantvā gahitehi, upāyena te nagarasamīpaṃ ānetvā gahessāmā"ti.
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They said, "Sire, what need for us to go and catch them? By a stratagem we will bring them down close to the city and catch them."
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"Ko pana upāyo"ti?
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"What is this stratagem?
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"Mahārāja, nagarato avidūre uttarena tigāvutamatte tigāvutappamāṇaṃ khemaṃ nāma saraṃ kārāpetvā udakassa pūretvā nānādhaññāni ropetvā pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchannaṃ kārāpetvā ekaṃ paṇḍitaṃ nesādaṃ paṭicchāpetvā manussānaṃ upagantuṃ adatvā catūsu kaṇṇesu ṭhitehi abhayaṃ ghosāpetha, taṃ sutvā nānāsakuṇā dasa disā otarissanti, tepi haṃsā paramparāya tassa sarassa khemabhāvaṃ sutvā āgacchissanti, atha ne vālapāsehi bandhāpetvā gaṇhāpeyyāthā"ti.
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" "On the north of the city, sire, you are to have a lake dug, three leagues in extent, a safe and peaceful spot, and filling it with water, plant all manner of grain and cover the lake with the five kinds of lotus. Then hand it over to the care of a skilful fowler and suffer no one to approach it, and by means of men stationed at the four corners have it proclaimed as a sanctuary lake, and on hearing this all manner of birds will alight there. And these geese, hearing one from another how safe this lake is, will visit it and then you can have them caught, trapping them with hair nooses."
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Taṃ sutvā rājā tehi vuttapadese vuttappakāraṃ saraṃ kārāpetvā chekaṃ nesādaṃ pakkosāpetvā tassa sahassaṃ dāpetvā "tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya attano kammaṃ mā kari, puttadāraṃ te ahaṃ posessāmi, tvaṃ appamatto khemaṃ saraṃ rakkhanto manusse paṭikkamāpetvā catūsu kaṇṇesu abhayaṃ ghosāpetvā āgatāgate sakuṇe mama ācikkheyyāsi, suvaṇṇahaṃsesu āgatesu mahantaṃ sakkāraṃ labhissasī"ti tamassāsetvā khemaṃ saraṃ paṭicchāpesi.
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The king, on hearing this, had a lake such as they described formed in the place they mentioned, and summoning a skilled fowler he presented him with a thousand pieces of money and said, "Henceforth give up your occupation: I will support your wife and family. Carefully guarding this peaceful lake and driving everyone away from it, have it proclaimed at the four corners as a sanctuary, and say that all the birds that come and go are mine, and when the golden geese arrive you shall receive great honour." With these words of encouragement the king put him in charge of the sanctuary lake.
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So tato paṭṭhāya raññā vuttanayeneva tattha paṭipajji, "khemaṃ saraṃ rakkhatī"ti cassa "khemanesādo"tveva nāmaṃ udapādi.
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From that day the fowler acted just as the king bade him and watched over the place, and as one that kept the lake in peace he came to be known as the fowler Khema (Peace).
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Tato paṭṭhāya ca nānappakārā sakuṇā otariṃsu, "khemaṃ nibbhayaṃ sara"nti paramparāghosena nānāhaṃsā āgamiṃsu.
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Thenceforth all manner of birds alighted there, and from its being proclaimed from one to another that the lake was peaceful and secure, different kinds of geese arrived.
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Paṭhamaṃ tāva tiṇahaṃsā āgamiṃsu, tesaṃ ghosena paṇḍuhaṃsā, tesaṃ ghosena manosilāvaṇṇā haṃsā, tesaṃ ghosena setahaṃsā, tesaṃ ghosena pākahaṃsā āgamiṃsu.
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First of all came the grass-geese, then owing to their report came the yellow geese, followed in like manner by the scarlet geese, the white geese and the Oka geese.
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Tesu āgatesu khemako rañño ārocesi – "deva, pañcavaṇṇā haṃsā āgantvā sare gocaraṃ gaṇhanti, pākahaṃsānaṃ āgatattā idāni katipāheneva suvaṇṇahaṃsā āgamissanti, mā cintayittha, devā"ti.
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On their arrival Khemaka thus reported to the king: "Five kinds of geese, sire, have come, and they are continually feeding in the lake. Now that the pāka geese have arrived, in a few days the golden geese will be coming: cease to be anxious, sire."
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Taṃ sutvā rājā "aññena tattha na gantabbaṃ, yo gacchissati, hatthapādachedanañca gharavilopañca pāpuṇissatī"ti nagara bheriṃ carāpesi.
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The king on hearing this made proclamation in the city by beat of drum that no one was to go there, and whosoever should do so should suffer mutilation of hands and feet and spoliation of his household goods;
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Tato paṭṭhāya tattha koci na gacchati.
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and from that time no one went there.
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Cittakūṭassa panāvidūre kañcanaguhāyaṃpākahaṃsā vasanti, tepi mahabbalā.
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Now the pāka geese dwell not far from Cittakūṭa in Golden Cave. They are very powerful birds
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Dhataraṭṭhakulena saddhiṃ tesaṃ sarīravaṇṇova viseso.
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and as with the Dhataraṭṭha family of geese the colour of their body is distinctive,
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Pākahaṃsarañño pana dhītā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā ahosi.
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but the daughter of the king of the pāka geese is gold-coloured.
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So taṃ dhataraṭṭhamahissarassa anurūpāti tassa pādaparicārikaṃ katvā pesesi.
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So her father, thinking she was a fitting match for the Dhataraṭṭha king, sent her to be his wife.
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Sā tassa piyā ahosi manāpā, teneva ca kāraṇena tāni dve haṃsakulāni aññamaññaṃ vissāsikāni jātāni.
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She was dear and precious in her lord's eyes, and owing to this the two families of geese became very friendly.
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Athekadivasaṃ bodhisattassa parivārahaṃsā pākahaṃse pucchiṃsu – "tumhe imesu divasesu kahaṃ gocaraṃ gaṇhathā"ti?
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Now one day the geese that were in attendance on the Bodhisatta inquired of the pāka geese, "Where are you getting your food just now?
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"Mayaṃ bārāṇasito avidūre khemasare gocaraṃ gaṇhāma, tumhe pana kuhiṃ āhiṇḍathā"ti.
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" "We are feeding near Benares, on a safe piece of water; but where are you roaming?
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"Asukaṃ nāmā"ti vutte "kasmā khemasaraṃ na gacchatha, so hi saro ramaṇīyo nānāsakuṇasamākiṇṇo pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchanno nānādhaññaphalasampanno nānappakārabhamaragaṇanikūjito catūsu kaṇṇesu niccaṃ pavattaabhayaghosano, koci naṃ upasaṅkamituṃ samattho nāma natthi, pageva aññaṃ upaddavaṃ kātuṃ, evarūpo so saro"ti khemasaraṃ vaṇṇayiṃsu.
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" "To such and such a place," they answered. "Why do you not come to our sanctuary? It is a charming lake, teeming with all manner of birds, covered over with five kinds of lotus, and abounding with various grains and fruits, and buzzing with swarms of many different bees. At its four corners is a man to proclaim perpetual immunity from danger. No one is allowed to come near: much less to injure another." After this manner did they sing the praises of the peaceful lake.
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Te tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā "bārāṇasiyā samīpe kira evarūpo khemo nāma saro atthi, pākahaṃsā tattha gantvā gocaraṃ gaṇhanti, tumhepi dhataraṭṭhamahissarassa ārocetha, sace anujānāti, mayampi tattha gantvā gocaraṃ gaṇheyyāmā"ti sumukhassa kathesuṃ.
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On hearing what the pāka geese said, they told Sumukha, saying, "They tell us, near Benares is a peaceful lake of such and such a kind: thither the pāka geese go and feed. Do you tell the Dhataraṭṭha king, and, if he allows us, we too will go and feed there."
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Sumukho rañño ārocesi.
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Sumukha told the king,
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So cintesi – "manussā nāma bahumāyā kharamantā upāyakusalā, bhavitabbamettha kāraṇena, ettakaṃ kālaṃ eso saro natthi, idāni amhākaṃ gahaṇatthāya kato bhavissatī"ti.
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who thought, "Men, verily, are full of wiles and skilled in expedients: there must be some reason for this. All this long time past there was no such lake: it must have been made now to catch us."
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So sumukhaṃ āha – "mā vo tattha gamanaṃ ruccatha, na so saro tehi sudhammatāya kato, amhākaṃ gahaṇatthāyeva kato, manussā nāma bahumāyā kharamantā upāyakusalā, tumhe sakeyeva gocare carathā"ti.
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And he said to Sumukha, "Let not this going there meet with your approval. This lake was not constructed by them in good faith; it was made to catch us. Men surely are cruelly minded and versed in expedients: keep still in your own feeding grounds."
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Suvaṇṇahaṃsā "khemaṃ saraṃ gantukāmamhā"ti dutiyampi tatiyampi sumukhassa ārocesuṃ.
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The golden geese a second time told Sumukha they were anxious to visit the Lake of Peace
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So tesaṃ tattha gantukāmataṃ mahāsattassa ārocesi.
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and he reported their wishes to the king.
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Atha mahāsatto "mama ñātakā maṃ nissāya mā kilamantu, tena hi gacchāmā"ti navutihaṃsasahassaparivuto tattha gantvā gocaraṃ gahetvā haṃsakīḷaṃ kīḷitvā cittakūṭameva paccāgami.
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The Great Being thought, "My kinsfolk must not be vexed by reason of me: we will go there." So accompanied by ninety thousand geese he went and browsed there, disporting himself after the manner of geese and then returned to Cittakūṭa.
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Khemako tesaṃ gocaraṃ caritvā gatakāle gantvā tesaṃ āgatabhāvaṃ rañño ārocesi.
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Khemaka, after they had fed and taken their departure, went and reported their arrival to the king of Benares.
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Rājā tuṭṭhacitto hutvā, "samma khemaka, ekaṃ vā dve vā haṃse gaṇhituṃ vāyama, mahantaṃ te yasaṃ dassāmī"ti vatvā paribbayaṃ datvā taṃ uyyojesi.
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The king was highly pleased and said, "Friend Khemaka, try and catch one or two geese and I will confer great honour on you." With these words he paid his expenses and sent him away.
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So tattha gantvā cāṭipañjare nisīditvā haṃsānaṃ caraṇaṭṭhānaṃ vīmaṃsi.
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Returning there the fowler seated himself in a skeleton pot and watched the movements of the geese.
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Bodhisattā nāma nilloluppacārino honti, tasmā mahāsatto otiṇṇaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya sapadānaṃ sāliṃ khādanto agamāsi.
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Bodhisattas verily are free from all greed. Therefore the Great Being, starting from the spot where he alighted, went on eating the paddy in due order.
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Sesā ito cito ca khādantā vicariṃsu.
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All the others wandered about, eating here and there.
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Atha luddaputto "ayaṃ haṃso nilloluppacārī, imaṃ bandhituṃ vaṭṭatī"ti cintetvā punadivase haṃsesu saraṃ anotiṇṇesuyeva cāṭipañjare nisinno taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā avidūre pañjare attānaṃ paṭicchādetvā chiddena olokento acchi.
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So the fowler thought, "This goose is free from greed: this is the one I must catch." The next day before the geese had alighted on the lake, he went to the place hard by and concealing himself in the framework of his pot he remained there sitting in it and looking through a chink in the frame.
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Tasmiṃ khaṇe mahāsatto navutihaṃsasahassapurakkhato hiyyo otiṇṇaṭṭhāneyeva otaritvā odhiyaṃ nisīditvā sāliṃ khādanto pāyāsi.
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At that moment the Great Being escorted by ninety thousand geese came down on the same spot where he had alighted the day before, and sitting down at the limit of yesterday's feeding ground he went on browsing.
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Nesādo pañjarachiddena olokento tassa rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ disvā "ayaṃ haṃso sakaṭanābhippamāṇasarīro suvaṇṇavaṇṇo, tīhi rattarājīhi gīvāyaṃ parikkhitto, tisso rājiyo galena otaritvā urantarena gatā, tisso pacchābhāgena nibbijjhitvā gatā, rattakambalasuttasikkāya ṭhapitakañcanakkhandho viya atirocati, iminā etesaṃ raññā bhavitabbaṃ, imameva gaṇhissāmī"ti cintesi.
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The fowler, looking through a chink in his cage and marking the extraordinary beauty of the bird, thought, "This goose is as big as a waggon, gold-coloured and with its neck encircled with three stripes of red. Three lines running down the throat pass along the middle of the belly, while other three stripes run down and mark off the back, and its body shines like a mass of gold poised on a string made of the thread of red wool. This must be their king, and this is the one I will seize."
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Haṃsarājāpi bahuṃ gocaraṃ caritvā jalakīḷaṃ kīḷitvā haṃsagaṇaparivuto cittakūṭameva agamāsi.
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And the goose-king, after feeding over a wide field, disported himself in the water and then surrounded by his flock returned to Cittakūṭa.
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Iminā niyāmeneva pañca divase gocaraṃ gaṇhi.
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For six days he fed after this manner.
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Chaṭṭhe divase khemako kāḷaassavālamayaṃ daḷhaṃ mahārajjuṃ vaṭṭitvā yaṭṭhiyā pāsaṃ katvā "sve haṃsarājā imasmiṃ okāse otarissatī"ti tathato ñatvā antoudake yaṭṭhipāsaṃ oḍḍi.
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On the seventh day Khemaka twisted a big stout cord of black horse-hair and fixed a noose upon a stick, and, knowing for certain the goose-king would alight to-morrow on the same spot, he set the stick on which the snare was mounted in the water.
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Punadivase haṃsarājā otaranto pādaṃ pāse pavesantoyeva otari.
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The next day the goose-king coming down stuck its foot, as it alighted, into the snare,
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Athassa pāso pādaṃ ayapaṭṭakena kaḍḍhanto viya ābandhitvā gaṇhi.
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which grasping the bird's foot as it were with a band of iron held it fast in its grip.
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So "chindissāmi na"nti vegaṃ janetvā kaḍḍhitvā pātesi.
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The bird, thinking to sever the snare, dragged at it and struck it with all its force.
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Paṭhamavāre suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ cammaṃ chijji, dutiyavāre kambalavaṇṇaṃ maṃsaṃ chijji, tatiyavāre nhāru chijji, catutthavāre pana "pādā chijjeyyuṃ, rañño pana hīnaṅgatā nāma ananucchavikā"ti na vāyāmaṃ akāsi, balavavedanā ca pavattiṃsu.
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First its gold-coloured skin was bruised, next its flesh of the colour of red wool was cut, then the sinew was severed and last of all its foot 1 would have been broken, but thinking a maimed body was unbefitting a king, it ceased to struggle. As severe pains set in,
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So cintesi – "sacāhaṃ baddharavaṃ ravissāmi, ñātakā me ñatrastā hutvā gocaraṃ aggahetvā chātajjhattāva palāyantā dubbalattā samudde patissantī"ti.
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it thought, "If I should utter a cry of capture, my kinsfolk would be alarmed and without feeding properly they would fly away, and being half-starved they would drop into the water."
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So vedanaṃ adhivāsetvā pāsavase vattetvā sāliṃ khādanto viya hutvā tesaṃ yāvadatthaṃ caritvā haṃsakīḷaṃ kīḷanakāle mahantena saddena baddharavaṃ ravi.
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So putting up with the pain it remained in the power of the snare, pretending to be feeding on the paddy, but when the flock had eaten their fill, and were now disporting themselves after the manner of geese, it uttered a loud cry of capture.
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Taṃ sutvā haṃsā maraṇabhayatajjitā vaggavaggā cittakūṭābhimukhā purimanayeneva pakkamiṃsu.
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The geese on hearing it flew away, just as previously described.
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Sumukhopi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva cintetvā vicinitvā tīsupi koṭṭhāsesu mahāsattaṃ adisvā "addhā tassevedaṃ bhayaṃ uppanna"nti nivattitvā āgato mahāsattaṃ pāsena baddhaṃ lohitamakkhitaṃ dukkhāturaṃ paṅkapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ disvā "mā bhāyi, mahārāja, ahaṃ mama jīvitaṃ pariccajitvā tumhe mocessāmī"ti vadanto otaritvā mahāsattaṃ assāsento paṅkapiṭṭhe nisīdi.
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Sumukha, too, considering the matter, just as related before, searched about and not finding the Great Being in the three main divisions of the geese, thought, "Verily this must be something terrible that has come upon the king," and he turned back, saying, "Fear not, sire, I will release you at the sacrifice of my own life," and sitting down on the mud he comforted the Great Being.
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Mahāsatto "navutihaṃsasahassesu maṃ chaḍḍetvā palāyantesu ayaṃ sumukho ekakova āgato, kiṃ nu kho luddaputtassa āgatakāle maṃ chaḍḍetvā palāyissati, udāhu no"ti vīmaṃsanavasena lohitamakkhito pāsayaṭṭhiyaṃ olambantoyeva tisso gāthā abhāsi –
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The Great Being thought, "The ninety thousand geese have forsaken me and fled and this one alone has returned. I wonder, when the fowler comes up, whether or not Sumukha too will forsake me and flee." And by way of testing him, stained with blood as he was, and resting against the stick fastened to the snare, he repeated three stanzas:
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89.
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"Ete haṃsā pakkamanti, vakkaṅgā bhayameritā;
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There go the birds, the ruddy geese, all overcome with fear,
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Harittaca hemavaṇṇa, kāmaṃ sumukha pakkama.
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O golden-yellow Sumukha, depart! What wouldst thou here?
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90.
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"Ohāya maṃ ñātigaṇā, ekaṃ pāsavasaṃ gataṃ;
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My kith and kin deserted me, away they all have flown;
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Anapekkhamānā gacchanti, kiṃ eko avahīyasi.
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Without a thought they fly away. Why art thou left alone?
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91.
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"Pateva patataṃ seṭṭha, natthi baddhe sahāyatā;
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Fly, noble bird, with prisoners what fellowship can be?
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Mā anīghāya hāpesi, kāmaṃ sumukha pakkamā"ti.
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Sumukha, fly! nor lose the chance 2, while thou mayst yet be free.
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Tattha bhayameritāti bhayena eritā bhayaṭṭitā bhayacalitā.
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Tatiyapade "harī"tipi "hema"ntipi suvaṇṇasseva nāmaṃ.
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So ca harittacatāya hemavaṇṇo, tena taṃ evaṃ ālapati.
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Sumukhāti sundaramukha.
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Anapekkhamānāti tava ñātakā maṃ anolokentā nirālayā hutvā.
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Patevāti uppatāhiyeva.
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Mā anīghāyāti ito gantvā pattabbāya nidukkhabhāvāya vīriyaṃ mā hāpesi.
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Taṃ sutvā sumukho "ayaṃ haṃsarājā mama piyamittabhāvaṃ na jānāti, anuppiyabhāṇī mittoti maṃ sallakkheti, sinehabhāvamassa dassessāmī"ti cintetvā catasso gāthā abhāsi –
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[360] On hearing this, Sumukha thought, "This goose-king is ignorant of my real nature; he fancies I am a friend that speaks words of flattery. I will show him how loving I am," and he repeated four stanzas:
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92.
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"Nāhaṃ dukkhaparetopi, dhataraṭṭha tuvaṃ jahe;
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No, I'll not leave thee, royal goose, when trouble draweth nigh,
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Jīvitaṃ maraṇaṃ vā me, tayā saddhiṃ bhavissati.
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But stay I will, and by thy side will either live or die.
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93.
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"Nāhaṃ dukkhaparetopi, dhataraṭṭha tuvaṃ jahe;
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I will not leave thee, royal bird, when trouble draweth nigh,
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Na maṃ anariyasaṃyutte, kamme yojetumarahasi.
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Nor join in such ignoble act with others, no, not I.
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94.
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"Sakumāro sakhātyasmi, sacitte casmi te ṭhito;
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I'm one in heart and soul with thee, playmate and friend of old,
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Ñāto senāpatī tyāhaṃ, haṃsānaṃ pavaruttama.
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Of all thy host, O noble king, famed as the leader bold.
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95.
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"Kathaṃ ahaṃ vikattissaṃ, ñātimajjhe ito gato;
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Returning to thy kith and kin what could I have to say,
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Taṃ hitvā patataṃ seṭṭha, kiṃ te vakkhāmito gato;
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If I shall leave thee to thy fate and heedless fly away?
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Idha pāṇaṃ cajissāmi, nānariyaṃ kattumussahe"ti.
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Nay, I would rather die than live, so base a part to play.
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Tattha nāhanti ahaṃ, mahārāja, kāyikacetasikena dukkhena phuṭṭhopi taṃ na jahāmi.
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Anariyasaṃyutteti mittadubbhīhi ahirikehi kattabbatāya anariyabhāvena saṃyutte.
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Kammeti taṃ jahitvā pakkamanakamme.
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Sakumāroti samānakumāro, ekadivaseneva paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā ekadivase aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā ekato vaḍḍhitakumāroti attho.
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Sakhātyasmīti ahaṃ te dakkhiṇakkhisamo piyasahāyo.
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Sacitteti tava sake citte ahaṃ ṭhito tava vase vattāmi, tayi jīvante jīvāmi, na jīvante na jīvāmīti attho.
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"Saṃcitte"tipi pāṭho, tava citte ahaṃ saṇṭhito suṭṭhu ṭhitoti attho.
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Ñātoti sabbahaṃsānaṃ antare paññāto.
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Vikattissanti "kuhiṃ haṃsarājā"ti pucchito ahaṃ kinti kathessāmi.
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Kiṃ te vakkhāmīti te tava pavattiṃ pucchante haṃsagaṇe kiṃ vakkhāmi.
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Evaṃ sumukhena catūhi gāthāhi sīhanāde nadite tassa guṇaṃ pakāsento mahāsatto āha –
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When Sumukha had thus in four stanzas uttered as it were a lion's note, the Great Being, making known his merits, said:
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96.
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"Eso hi dhammo sumukha, yaṃ tvaṃ ariyapathe ṭhito;
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Thy nature ’tis, O Sumukha, abiding in the Right,
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Yo bhattāraṃ sakhāraṃ maṃ, na pariccattumussahe.
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Ne’er to forsake thy lord and friend or safety seek in flight.
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97.
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"Tañhi me pekkhamānassa, bhayaṃ na tveva jāyati;
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Looking on thee no thought of fear arises in my mind,
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Adhigacchasi tvaṃ mayhaṃ, evaṃbhūtassa jīvita"nti.
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E’en in this sorry plight some way to save me thou wilt find.
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Tattha eso dhammoti esa porāṇakapaṇḍitānaṃ sabhāvo.
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Bhattāraṃ sakhāraṃ manti sāmikañca sahāyañca maṃ.
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Bhayanti cittutrāso mayhaṃ na jāyati, cittakūṭapabbate haṃsagaṇamajjhe ṭhito viya homi.
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Mayhanti mama jīvitaṃ tvaṃ labhāpessasi.
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Evaṃ tesaṃ kathentānaññeva luddaputto sarapariyante ṭhito haṃse tīhi khandhehi palāyante disvā "kiṃ nu kho"ti pāsaṭṭhānaṃ olokento bodhisattaṃ pāsayaṭṭhiyaṃ olambantaṃ disvā sañjātasomanasso kacchaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhitvā muggaraṃ gahetvā kappuṭṭhānaggi viya avattharamāno paṇhiyā akkantakalale uparisīsena gantvā purato patante vegena upasaṅkami.
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While they were thus conversing, the fowler standing on the edge of the lake saw the geese flying off in three divisions and wondering what this could possibly mean he looked at the spot where he had set the snare and beheld the Bodhisatta leaning on the stick to which the noose was fastened. Overjoyed he girt up his loins and taking a club he hastily drew nigh and stood before the birds, like the fire at the beginning of a cycle, with head towering above them and his heel planted in the mud.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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98.
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"Iccevaṃ mantayantānaṃ, ariyānaṃ ariyavuttinaṃ;
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As thus these noble birds exchanged high thoughts, to them, behold!
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Daṇḍamādāya nesādo, āpatī turito bhusaṃ.
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All in hot haste, with staff in hand drew nigh this fowler bold.
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99.
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"Tamāpatantaṃ disvāna, sumukho atibrūhayi;
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Seeing him trusty Sumukha stood up before the king,
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Aṭṭhāsi purato rañño, haṃso vissāsayaṃ byathaṃ.
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His anxious lord in his distress stoutly encouraging 1.
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100.
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"Mā bhāyi patataṃ seṭṭha, na hi bhāyanti tādisā;
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Fear not, O noble bird, for fears become not one like thee,
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Ahaṃ yogaṃ payuñjissaṃ, yuttaṃ dhammūpasañhitaṃ;
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An effort I will duly make with justice as my plea,
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Tena pariyāpadānena, khippaṃ pāsā pamokkhasī"ti.
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And soon by my heroic act once more thou shalt be free.
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Tattha ariyavuttinanti ariyācāre vattamānānaṃ.
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Bhusanti daḷhaṃ balavaṃ.
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Atibrūhayīti anantaragāthāya āgataṃ "mā bhāyī"ti vacanaṃ vadanto atibrūhesi mahāsaddaṃ nicchāresi.
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Aṭṭhāsīti sace nesādo rājānaṃ paharissati, ahaṃ pahāraṃ sampaṭicchissāmīti jīvitaṃ pariccajitvā purato aṭṭhāsi.
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Vissāsayanti vissāsento assāsento.
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Byathanti byathitaṃ bhītaṃ rājānaṃ "mā bhāyī"ti iminā vacanena vissāsento.
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Tādisāti tumhādisā ñāṇavīriyasampannā.
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Yoganti ñāṇavīriyayogaṃ.
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Yuttanti anucchavikaṃ.
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Dhammūpasañhitanti kāraṇanissitaṃ.
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Tena pariyāpadānenāti tena mayā payuttena yogena parisuddhena.
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Pamokkhasīti muccissasi.
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Evaṃ sumukho mahāsattaṃ assāsetvā luddaputtassa santikaṃ gantvā madhuraṃ mānusiṃ vācaṃ nicchārento, "samma, tvaṃ konāmosī"ti pucchitvā "suvaṇṇavaṇṇahaṃsarāja, ahaṃ khemako nāmā"ti vutte, "samma khemaka, 'tayā oḍḍitavālapāse yo vā so vā haṃso baddho'ti saññaṃ mā kari, navutiyā haṃsasahassānaṃ pavaro dhataraṭṭhahaṃsarājā te pāse baddho, ñāṇasīlācārasampanno saṅgāhakapakkhe ṭhito, na taṃ māretuṃ yutto, ahaṃ tava iminā kattabbakiccaṃ karissāmi, ayampi suvaṇṇavaṇṇo, ahampi tatheva, ahaṃ etassatthāya attano jīvitaṃ pariccajissāmi, sace tvaṃ etassa pattāni gaṇhitukāmosi, mama pattāni gaṇha, athopi cammamaṃsanhāruaṭṭhīnamaññataraṃ gaṇhitukāmosi, mameva sarīrato gaṇha, atha naṃ kīḷāhaṃsaṃ kātukāmosi, maññeva kara, jīvantameva vikkiṇitvā sace dhanaṃ uppādetukāmosi, maṃ jīvantameva vikkiṇitvā dhanaṃ uppādehi, mā etaṃ ñāṇādiguṇasaṃyuttaṃ haṃsarājānaṃ avadhi, sace hi naṃ vadhissasi, nirayādīhi na muccissasī"ti taṃ nirayādibhayena santajjetvā attano madhurakathaṃ gaṇhāpetvā puna bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā taṃ assāsento aṭṭhāsi.
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Thus did Sumukha comfort the Great Being, and going, up to the fowler and speaking with a sweet human voice he asked, "What is thy name, friend? " Then he answered, "O king of the gold-coloured geese, I am called Khemaka." Sumukha said, "Do not imagine, friend, a mere ordinary 2 goose has been caught in the horse-hair noose you set. The chief of ninety thousand geese, the Dhataraṭṭha king, is caught in your snare. Wise is he and virtuous and he is ranged on the side of conciliation 3. He ought not to be put to death. I will do whatever he was to have done for you. I too am gold-coloured and for his sake will lay down my life. If you are anxious to take his feathers, take mine; or, if you would have anything else of his, skin, flesh, sinew or bone, take it from my body. Again, supposing you wish to make a tame bird of him, make a tame bird of me, selling me while still alive, or if you would make money, make it by selling me: do not slay him, endowed as he is with wisdom and such like virtues. If you shall kill him, you will never escape from hell and similar states of suffering." After thus terrifying the fowler with the fear of hell and making him give ear to his sweet discourse, Sumukha once more drew near and took his stand by the Bodhisatta, comforting him.
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Nesādo tassa kathaṃ sutvā "ayaṃ tiracchānagato samāno manussehipi kātuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ evarūpaṃ mittadhammaṃ karoti, manussāpi evaṃ mittadhamme ṭhātuṃ na sakkonti, aho esa ñāṇasampanno madhurakatho dhammiko"ti sakalasarīraṃ pītisomanassaparipuṇṇaṃ katvā pahaṭṭhalomo daṇḍaṃ chaḍḍetvā sirasi añjaliṃ patiṭṭhapetvā sūriyaṃ namassanto viya sumukhassa guṇaṃ kittento aṭṭhāsi.
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The fowler, hearing his words, thought, "Being a mere bird, as he is, he can do what for men is impossible. For they cannot remain constant in friendship. Oh! what a wise, eloquent, and holy creature is this! " His whole body thrilling with joy and ecstasy, and his hair standing erect with wonder, he dropped his stick and raising his joined hands to his forehead, like one worshipping the sun, he stood proclaiming the virtues of Sumukha.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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101.
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"Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, sumukhassa subhāsitaṃ;
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The fowler hearing what the bird so eloquently said,
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Pahaṭṭhalomo nesādo, añjalissa paṇāmayi.
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With hair erect and folded hands his homage duly paid.
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102.
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"Na me sutaṃ vā diṭṭhaṃ vā, bhāsanto mānusiṃ dijo;
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Ne’er was it heard or seen before that, using human speech,
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Ariyaṃ bruvāno vakkaṅgo, cajanto mānusiṃ giraṃ.
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To man in his own tongue a goose sublimest truth should preach.
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103.
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"Kiṃ nu tāyaṃ dijo hoti, mutto baddhaṃ upāsasi;
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1What is this bird to thee, that when the rest are fled and gone,
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Ohāya sakuṇā yanti, kiṃ eko avahīyasī"ti.
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Though free, beside the captive bird thou here art left alone?
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Tattha añjalissa paṇāmayīti añjaliṃ assa upanāmayi, "na me"ti gāthāyassa thutiṃ karoti.
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Tattha mānusinti manussavācaṃ.
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Ariyanti sundaraṃ niddosaṃ.
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Cajantoti vissajjento.
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Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – samma, tvaṃ dijo samāno ajja mayā saddhiṃ mānusiṃ vācaṃ bhāsanto niddosaṃ bruvāno mānusiṃ giraṃ cajanto paccakkhato diṭṭho, ito pubbe pana idaṃ acchariyaṃ mayā neva sutaṃ na diṭṭhanti.
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Kiṃ nu tāyanti yaṃ etaṃ tvaṃ upāsasi, kiṃ nu te ayaṃ hoti.
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Evaṃ tuṭṭhacittena nesādena puṭṭho sumukho "ayaṃ muduko jāto, idānissa bhiyyosomattāya mudubhāvatthaṃ mama guṇaṃ dassesāmī"ti cintetvā āha –
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Sumukha, on being asked this question by the evil-minded fowler, thought, "He is relenting: to soften his heart still more I will now show him my quality," and he said:
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104.
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"Rājā me so dijāmitta, senāpaccassa kārayiṃ;
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He is my king, O foe to birds, his captain chief am I;
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Tamāpade pariccatuṃ, nussahe vihagādhipaṃ.
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I cannot leave him to his fate, while I to safety fly.
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105.
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"Mahāgaṇāya bhattā me, mā eko byasanaṃ agā;
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Let not this lord of mighty hosts here perish all alone;
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Tathā taṃ samma nesāda, bhattāyaṃ abhito rame"ti.
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Near him my happiness I find: him as my lord I own.
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Tattha nussaheti na samatthomhi.
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Mahāgaṇāyāti mahato haṃsagaṇassa.
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Mā ekoti mādise sevake vijjamāne mā ekako byasanaṃ agā.
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Tathā tanti yathā ahaṃ vadāmi, tatheva taṃ.
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Sammāti vayassa.
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Bhattāyaṃ abhito rameti bhattā ayaṃ mama, ahamassa abhito rame santike ramāmi na ukkaṇṭhāmīti.
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Nesādo taṃ tassa dhammanissitaṃ madhurakathaṃ sutvā somanassappatto pahaṭṭhalomo "sacāhaṃ etaṃ sīlādiguṇasaṃyuttaṃ haṃsarājānaṃ vadhissāmi, catūhi apāyehi na muccissāmi, rājā maṃ yadicchati, taṃ karotu, ahametaṃ sumukhassa dāyaṃ katvā vissajjessāmī"ti cintetvā gāthamāha –
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On hearing this sweet discourse of his treating of duty, the fowler, overjoyed and with hair erect in wonder, thought, " If I should kill this royal goose endowed with virtue and the like good qualities, I shall never escape from the four states of suffering: let the king of Benares do what he will with me; I shall make over this captive as a free gift to Sumukha and let him go," and he spake this stanza:
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106.
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"Ariyavattasi vakkaṅga, yo piṇḍamapacāyasi;
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Noble art thou, to honour one through whom thou still dost live;
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Cajāmi te taṃ bhattāraṃ, gacchathūbho yathāsukha"nti.
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Fly where ye list: to thy good lord his freedom now I give.
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Tattha ariyavattasīti mittadhammarakkhaṇasaṅkhātena ācāraariyānaṃ vattena samannāgatosi.
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Piṇḍamapacāyasīti bhattu santikā laddhaṃ piṇḍaṃ senāpatiṭṭhānaṃ pūjesi.
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Gacchathūbhoti dvepi janā assumukhe ñātisaṅghe hāsayamānā yathāsukhaṃ gacchathāti.
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Evaṃ vatvā nesādo muducittena mahāsattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā yaṭṭhiṃ onāmetvā paṅkapiṭṭhe nisīdāpetvā pāsayaṭṭhiyā mocetvā taṃ ukkhipitvā sarato nīharitvā taruṇadabbatiṇapiṭṭhe nisīdāpetvā pāde baddhapāsaṃ saṇikaṃ mocetvā mahāsatte balavasinehaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpetvā mettacittena udakaṃ ādāya lohitaṃ dhovitvā punappunaṃ parimajji, athassa mettānubhāvena sirāya sirā, maṃsena maṃsaṃ, cammena cammaṃ ghaṭitaṃ, pādo pākatiko ahosi, itarena nibbiseso.
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So saying, the fowler with kindly purpose drew nigh to the Great Being and bending the stick he laid the bird on the mud, and pulling up the stick he set it free from the noose. Then he drew forth the bird from the lake and laying him on some young kuśa grass he gently loosed the snare that bound his foot. Conceiving a strong affection for the Great Being, with kindly thought he took some water and washed off the blood, repeatedly wiping it. Then by the power of his charity nerve was united to nerve, flesh to flesh, and skin to skin, and the foot became just as before, not to be distinguished from the other one,
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Bodhisatto sukhappatto hutvā pakatibhāvena nisīdi.
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and the Bodhisatta sat rejoicing in his original state.
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Sumukho attānaṃ nissāya rañño sukhitabhāvaṃ disvā sañjātasomanasso cintesi – "iminā amhākaṃ mahāupakāro kato, amhehi etassa kato upakāro nāma natthi, sace esa rājarājamahāmattānaṃ atthāya amhe gaṇhi, tesaṃ santikaṃ netvā bahuṃ dhanaṃ labhissati, sace attano atthāya gaṇhi, amhe vikkiṇitvā dhanaṃ labhissateva, pucchissāmi tāva na"nti.
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Sumukha, seeing how happy the king was all owing to his action, was highly delighted and thought, "This man has rendered us a great service, but we have done nothing for him. If he caught us for the king's ministers of state and took us to them, he would receive a large sum of money, and if he caught us for himself, he could sell us and still make great gain: I will question him somewhat."
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Atha naṃ upakāraṃ kātukāmatāya pucchanto āha –
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So in his desire to render him a service he put this question and said
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107.
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"Sace attappayogena, ohito haṃsapakkhinaṃ;
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If thou for thine own purposes didst set for us this snare,
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Paṭiggaṇhāma te samma, etaṃ abhayadakkhiṇaṃ.
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Our freedom we accept from thee without a thought or care.
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108.
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"No ce attappayogena, ohito haṃsapakkhinaṃ;
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But otherwise, O fowler bold, in letting us go free,
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Anissaro muñcamamhe, theyyaṃ kayirāsi luddakā"ti.
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Without the king's permission, sure, ’twere nought but robbery.
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Tattha saceti, samma nesāda, sace tayā attano payogena attano atthāya haṃsānañceva sesapakkhīnañca pāso ohito.
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Anissaroti anissaro hutvā amhe muñcanto yenāsi āṇatto, tassasantakaṃ gaṇhanto theyyaṃ kayirāsi.
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Taṃ sutvā nesādo "nāhaṃ tumhe attano atthāya gaṇhiṃ, bārāṇasiraññā pana saṃyamena gaṇhāpitomhī"ti vatvā deviyā diṭṭhasupinakālato paṭṭhāya yāva raññā tesaṃ āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā, "samma khemaka, ekaṃ vā dve vā haṃse gaṇhituṃ vāyama, mahantaṃ te yasaṃ dassāmī"ti vatvā paribbayaṃ datvā uyyojitabhāvo, tāva sabbaṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi.
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The fowler on hearing this said, "I did not catch you for myself, I was employed by Saṁyama, king of Benares," and he then told them the whole story, beginning from the time of the queen's seeing a vision down to the time when the king heard of the arrival of the geese, and said, "Friend Khemaka, try and catch one or two geese, and I will confer great honour on you," and despatched him with a provision for his journey.
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Taṃ sutvā sumukho "iminā nesādena attano jīvitaṃ agaṇetvā amhe vissajjentena dukkaraṃ kataṃ, sace mayaṃ ito cittakūṭaṃ gamissāma, neva dhataraṭṭharañño paññānubhāvo, na mayhaṃ mittadhammo pākaṭo bhavissati, na luddaputto mahantaṃ yasaṃ lacchati, na rājā pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhahissati, na deviyā manoratho matthakaṃ pāpuṇissatī"ti cintetvā, "samma, evaṃ sante amhe vissajjetuṃ na labhasi, rañño no dassehi, so amhe yathāruciṃ karissatī"ti imamatthaṃ pakāsento gāthamāha –
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On hearing this Sumukha thought, "This fowler, taking no account of his own livelihood, [365] in setting us free has wrought a difficult thing. But if we shall return hence to Cittakūṭa, neither the supernatural wisdom of the Dhataraṭṭha king nor my act of friendship will be revealed, the fowler will not receive great honour, the king will not be established in the five moral laws, nor will the queen's desire be fulfilled." And he answered, "Friend, it being so, you cannot let us go: present us to the king and he shall deal with us according to his pleasure." To make this clear, he spoke this stanza:
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109.
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"Yassa tvaṃ bhatako rañño, kāmaṃ tasseva pāpaya;
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Thou art the servant of the king; his wishes then fulfil;
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Tattha saṃyamano rājā, yathābhiññaṃ karissatī"ti.
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King Saṁyama 1 shall deal with us according to his will.
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Tattha tassevāti tasseva santikaṃ nehi.
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Tatthāti tasmiṃ rājanivesane.
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Yathābhiññanti yathādhippāyaṃ yathāruciṃ.
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Taṃ sutvā nesādo "mā vo bhaddante rājadassanaṃ ruccittha, rājāno nāma sappaṭibhayā, kīḷāhaṃse vā vo kareyyuṃ māreyyuṃ vā"ti āha.
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On hearing this the fowler said, "O sirs, let it not be your pleasure to see the king. Kings verily are dangerous beings. They will either make tame geese of you or put you to death."
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Atha naṃ sumukho, "samma luddaka mā amhākaṃ cintayi, ahaṃ tādisassa kakkhaḷassa dhammakathāya maddavaṃ janesiṃ, rañño kiṃ na janessāmi, rājāno hi paṇḍitā subhāsitadubbhāsitaññu, khippaṃ no rañño santikaṃ nehi, nayanto ca mā bandhanena nayi, pupphapañjare pana nisīdāpetvā nehi, pupphapañjaraṃ karonto dhataraṭṭhassa mahantaṃ setapadumasañchannaṃ, mama khuddakaṃ rattapadumasañchannaṃ katvā dhataraṭṭhaṃ purato, mamaṃ pacchato nīcataraṃ katvā ādāya khippaṃ netvā rañño dassehī"ti āha.
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Then Sumukha said, "Friend fowler, do not trouble yourself about us. By my preaching of the Law I made a cruel fellow like you soft-hearted. Why should I not do the same in the case of the king? Kings are wise and understand goodly words: quick and take us to the king. And in taking us do not carry us as captives, but put us in a cage of flowers and take us thus. For the Dhataraṭṭha king make a big cage shaded with white lotus, and for me a small cage covered with red lotus, and put him in front and me behind, somewhat lower, and take us with all speed and present us to the king."
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So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā "sumukho rājānaṃ disvā mama mahantaṃ yasaṃ dātukāmo bhavissatī"ti sañjātasomanasso mudūhi latāhi pañjare katvā padumehi chādetvā vuttanayeneva te gahetvā agamāsi.
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The fowler, hearing the words of Sumukha, thought, "Sumukha, in seeing the king, must be desirous of conferring great honour on me," and being highly delighted he fashioned cages of soft osiers and covering them with lotuses set out with the birds in the way already described.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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To make the matter clear, the Master said:
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110.
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"Iccevaṃ vutto nesādo, hemavaṇṇe harittace;
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The fowler grasping them with both his hands, as he was told,
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Ubho hatthehi saṅgayha, pañjare ajjhavodahi.
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Placed in their cage these ruddy geese with skin of yellow gold.
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111.
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"Te pañjaragate pakkhī, ubho bhassaravaṇṇine;
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They goose-king now and Sumukha with plumage bright to see,
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Sumukhaṃ dhataraṭṭhañca, luddo ādāya pakkamī"ti.
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Safe in their cage the fowler took and off with them marched he.
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Tattha ajjhavodahīti odahi ṭhapesi.
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Bhassaravaṇṇineti pabhāsampannavaṇṇe.
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Evaṃ luddassa te ādāya pakkamanakāle dhataraṭṭho pākahaṃsarājadhītaraṃ attano bhariyaṃ saritvā sumukhaṃ āmantetvā kilesavasena vilapi.
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As soon as the fowler had set off with them the Dhataraṭṭha goose called to mind his wife, the daughter of the pāka goose-king, and addressing Sumukha under the influence of his passion he thus lamented.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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To make the matter clear, the Master said:
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112.
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"Harīyamāno dhataraṭṭho, sumukhaṃ etadabravi;
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The king on being carried off to Sumukha thus spake;
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Bāḷhaṃ bhāyāmi sumukha, sāmāya lakkhaṇūruyā;
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"My fair and gracious 1 spouse, methinks, now grieving for my sake,
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Asmākaṃ vadhamaññāya, athattānaṃ vadhissati.
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If she should hear that I am dead, her life, I fear, might take.
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113.
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"Pākahaṃsā ca sumukha, suhemā hemasuttacā;
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Like heron mourning for its mate by lonely ocean's shore,
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Koñcī samuddatīreva, kapaṇā nūna rucchatī"ti.
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Suhemā—bright as gold her skin—her lord will still deplore 2."
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Tattha bhāyāmīti maraṇato bhāyāmi.
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Sāmāyāti suvaṇṇavaṇṇāya.
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Lakkhaṇūruyāti lakkhaṇasampannaūruyā.
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Vacamaññāyāti vadhaṃ jānitvā "mama piyasāmiko mārito"ti saññī hutvā.
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Vadhissatīti kiṃ me piyasāmike mate jīvitenāti marissati.
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Pākahaṃsāti pākahaṃsarājadhītā.
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Suhemāti evaṃnāmikā.
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Hemasuttacāti hemasadisasundaratacā.
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Rucchatīti yathā loṇisaṅkhātaṃ samuddaṃ otaritvā mate patimhi koñcī sakuṇikā kapaṇā rodati, evaṃ nūna sā rodissatīti.
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Taṃ sutvā sumukho "ayaṃ haṃsarājā aññe ovadituṃ yutto mātugāmaṃ nissāya kilesavasena vilapati, udakassa ādittakālo viya vatiyā uṭṭhāya kedārakhādanakālo viya ca jāto, yaṃnūnāhaṃ attano balena mātugāmassa dosaṃ pakāsetvā etaṃ saññāpeyya"nti cintetvā gāthamāha –
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On hearing this Sumukha thought, "This goose, though ready to admonish others, all for a female's sake, under the sway of passion babbles just as when water is heated 3, or as when (birds) rise up from a bank and devour a field of grain. What if I were by my own wisdom to make clear to him the vices of the female sex and to bring him to his senses? " and he said:
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114.
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"Evaṃ mahanto lokassa, appameyyo mahāgaṇī;
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That one so great and peerless thought, a leader of his kind,
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Ekitthimanusoceyya, nayidaṃ paññavatāmiva.
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Should grieve for bird of female sex shows little strength of mind,
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115.
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"Vātova gandhamādeti, ubhayaṃ chekapāpakaṃ;
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As wind will carry any scent, be it or bad or good,
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Bālo āmakapakkaṃva, lolo andhova āmisaṃ.
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Or greedy child, as if ’twere blind eats raw or well-cooked food,
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116.
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"Avinicchayaññu atthesu, mandova paṭibhāsi maṃ;
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Without true judgement in affairs, poor fool, thou canst not see,
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Kiccākiccaṃ na jānāsi, sampatto kālapariyāyaṃ.
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What to avoid or what to do in each emergency.
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117.
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"Aḍḍhummatto udīresi, yo seyyā maññasitthiyo;
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Half mad thou speakst of womankind as blest with every grace,
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Bahusādhāraṇā hetā, soṇḍānaṃva surāgharaṃ.
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Yet most as common are to men as toper's drinking place.
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118.
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"Māyā cetā marīcī ca, sokā rogā cupaddavā;
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1Sorrow, disease, calamity, like harshest chains to bind,
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Kharā ca bandhanā cetā, maccupāsā guhāsayā;
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Mirage, and fraud, the snare of death deep-seated in the mind—
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Tāsu yo vissase poso, so naresu narādhamo"ti.
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Such women are: who trusts in them is vilest of his kind.
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Tattha mahantoti mahanto samāno.
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Lokassāti haṃsalokassa.
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Appameyyoti guṇehi pametuṃ asakkuṇeyyo.
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Mahāgaṇīti mahantena gaṇena samannāgato gaṇasatthā.
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Ekitthinti yaṃ evarūpo bhavaṃ ekaṃ itthiṃ anusoceyya, idaṃ anusocanaṃ na paññavataṃ iva, tenāhaṃ ajja taṃ bāloti maññāmīti adhippāyenevamāha.
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Ādetīti gaṇhāti.
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Chekapāpakanti sundarāsundaraṃ.
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Āmakapakkati āmakañca pakkañca.
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Loloti rasalolo.
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Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mahārāja, yathā nāma vāto padumasarādīni paharitvā sugandhampi saṅkāraṭṭhānādīni paharitvā duggandhampīti ubhayaṃ chekapāpakaṃ gandhaṃ ādiyati, yathā ca bālo kumārako ambajambūnaṃ heṭṭhā nisinno hatthaṃ pasāretvā patitapatitaṃ āmakampi pakkampi phalaṃ gahetvā khādati, yathā ca rasalolo andho bhatte upanīte yaṃkiñci samakkhikampi nimmakkhikampi āmisaṃ ādiyati, evaṃ itthiyo nāma kilesavasena aḍḍhampi duggatampi kulīnampi akulīnampi abhirūpampi virūpampi gaṇhanti bhajanti, tādisānaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ itthīnaṃ kiṃkāraṇā vippalapasi, mahārājāti.
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Atthesūti kāraṇākāraṇesu.
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Mandoti andhabālo.
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Paṭibhāsi manti mama upaṭṭhāsi.
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Kālapariyāyanti evarūpaṃ maraṇakālaṃ patto "imasmiṃ kāle idaṃ kattabbaṃ, idaṃ nakattabbaṃ, idaṃ vattabbaṃ, idaṃ na vattabba"nti na jānāsi devāti.
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Aḍḍhummattoti aḍḍhummattako maññe hutvā.
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Udīresīti yathā suraṃ pivitvā nātimatto puriso yaṃ vā taṃ vā palapati, evaṃ palapasīti attho.
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Seyyāti varā uttamā.
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"Māyā cā"tiādīsu, deva, itthiyo nāmetā vañcanaṭṭhena māyā, agayhupagaṭṭhena marīcī, sokādīnaṃ paccayattā sokā, rogā, anekappakārā upaddavā, kodhādīhi thaddhabhāveneva kharā.
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Tā hi nissāya andubandhanādīhi bandhanato bandhanā cetā, itthiyo nāma sarīraguhāsayavaseneva maccu nāma etā, devāti.
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"Kāmahetu, kāmanidānaṃ, kāmādhikaraṇaṃ, kāmānameva hetu rājāno coraṃ gahetvā"ti (ma. ni. 1.168-169) suttenapesa attho dīpetabbo.
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Tato dhataraṭṭho mātugāme paṭibaddhacittatāya "tvaṃ mātugāmassa guṇaṃ na jānāsi, paṇḍitā eva etaṃ jānanti, na hetā garahitabbā"ti dīpento āha –
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Then the Dhataraṭṭha goose, in his infatuation for the female sex, said, "You know not the virtues of womankind, but the sages know: they are not deserving of censure." And by way of explanation he said:
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119.
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"Yaṃ vuddhehi upaññātaṃ, ko taṃ ninditumarahati;
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Truth that sages ascertained, who is there that dares to blame?
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Mahābhūtitthiyo nāma, lokasmiṃ udapajjisuṃ.
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Women in this world are born, destined to great power and fame.
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120.
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"Khiḍḍā paṇihitā tyāsu, rati tyāsu patiṭṭhitā;
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They for dalliance are formed, joys of love for them ordained,
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Bījāni tyāsu rūhanti, yadidaṃ sattā pajāyare;
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Seeds within them germinate, source from whence all life's sustained,
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Tāsu ko nibbide poso, pāṇamāsajja pāṇibhi.
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They from whom man draws his breath scarce by man may be disdained.
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121.
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"Tvameva nañño sumukha, thīnaṃ atthesu yuñjasi;
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Art thou, Sumukha, alone versed in ways of womankind?
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Tassa tyajja bhaye jāte, bhīte na jāyate mati.
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Didst thou only, moved by fear, this belated wisdom find?
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122.
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"Sabbo hi saṃsayaṃ patto, bhayaṃ bhīrū titikkhati;
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Meeting danger every man bears up bravely ’midst alarm,
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Paṇḍitā ca mahantāno, atthe yuñjanti duyyuje.
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In a crisis sages all strive to shelter us from harm.
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123.
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"Etadatthāya rājāno, sūramicchanti mantinaṃ;
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Princes then to counsel them fain would have a hero brave,
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Paṭibāhati yaṃ sūro, āpadaṃ attapariyāyaṃ.
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’Gainst the shock of adverse fate, apt to counsel, strong to save.
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124.
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"Mā no ajja vikantiṃsu, rañño sūdā mahānase;
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Let not royal cooks, I pray, roast our mangled limbs to-day,
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Tathā hi vaṇṇo pattānaṃ, phalaṃ veḷuṃva taṃ vadhi.
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As its fruit the bamboo kills, us too golden plumes might slay.
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125.
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"Muttopi na icchi uḍḍetuṃ, sayaṃ bandhaṃ upāgami;
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Free thou wouldst not fly from me, captive of thy own free will,
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Sopajja saṃsayaṃ patto, atthaṃ gaṇhāhi mā mukha"nti.
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Cease from words in danger's hour, up, a manly part fulfil.
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Tattha yanti yaṃ mātugāmasaṅkhātaṃ vatthu paññāvuddhehi ñātaṃ, tesameva pākaṭaṃ, na bālānaṃ.
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Mahābhūtāti mahāguṇā mahānisaṃsā.
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Udapajjisunti paṭhamakappikakāle itthiliṅgasseva paṭhamaṃ pātubhūtattā paṭhamaṃ nibbattāti attho.
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Tyāsūti sumukha tāsu itthīsu kāyavacīkhiḍḍā ca paṇihitā ohitā ṭhapitā, kāmaguṇarati ca patiṭṭhitā.
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Bījānīti buddhapaccekabuddhaariyasāvakacakkavattiādibījāni tāsu ruhanti.
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Yadidanti ye ete sabbepi sattā.
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Pajāyareti sabbe tāsaññeva kucchimhi saṃvaddhāti dīpeti.
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Nibbideti nibbindeyya.
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Pāṇamāsajja pāṇibhīti attano pāṇehipi tāsaṃ pāṇaṃ āsādetvā attano jīvitaṃ cajantopi tā labhitvā ko nibbindeyyāti attho.
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Naññoti na añño, sumukha, mayā cittakūṭatale haṃsagaṇamajjhe nisinnena taṃ adisvā "kahaṃ nu sumukho"ti vutte "esa mātugāmaṃ gahetvā kañcanaguhāyaṃ uttamaratiṃ anubhotī"ti vadanti, evaṃ tvameva thīnaṃ atthesu yuñjasi yuttapayutto hosi, na aññoti attho.
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Tassa tyajjāti tassa te ajja maraṇabhaye jāte iminā bhītena maraṇabhayena bhīto maññe, ayaṃ mātugāmassa dosadassane nipuṇā mati jāyateti adhippāyenevamāha.
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Sabbo hīti yo hi koci.
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Saṃsayaṃ pattoti jīvitasaṃsayappatto.
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Bhīrūti bhīrū hutvāpi bhayaṃ adhivāseti.
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Mahantānoti ye pana paṇḍitā ca honti mahante ca ṭhāne ṭhitā mahantāno, te duyyuje atthe yuñjanti ghaṭenti vāyamanti, tasmā "mā bhāyi, dhīro hohī"ti taṃ ussāhento evamāha.
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Āpadanti sāmino āgataṃ āpadaṃ esa sūro paṭibāhati, etadatthāya sūraṃ mantinaṃ icchanti.
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Attapariyāyanti attano parittāṇampi ca kātuṃ sakkotīti adhippāyo.
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Vikantiṃsūti chindiṃsu.
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Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – samma sumukha, tvaṃ mayā attano anantare ṭhāne ṭhapito, tasmā yathā ajja rañño sūdā amhe maṃsatthāya na vikantiṃsu, tathā karohi, tādiso hi amhākaṃ pattavaṇṇo.
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Taṃ vadhīti svāyaṃ vaṇṇo yathā nāma veḷuṃ nissāya jātaṃ phalaṃ veḷumeva vadhati, tathā mā taṃ vadhi, tañca mañca mā vadhīti adhippāyenevamāha.
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Muttopīti yathāsukhaṃ cittakūṭapabbataṃ gacchāti evaṃ luddaputtena mayā saddhiṃ mutto vissajjito samānopi uḍḍituṃ na icchi.
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Sayanti rājānaṃ daṭṭhukāmo hutvā sayameva bandhaṃ upagatoti evamidaṃ amhākaṃ bhayaṃ taṃ nissāya āgataṃ.
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Sopajjāti sopi ajja jīvitasaṃsayaṃ patto.
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Atthaṃ gaṇhāhi mā mukhanti idāni amhākaṃ muñcanakāraṇaṃ gaṇha, yathā muccāma, tathā vāyama, "vātova gandhamādetī"tiādīni vadanto itthigarahatthāya mukhaṃ mā pasārayi.
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Evaṃ mahāsatto mātugāmaṃ vaṇṇetvā sumukhaṃ appaṭibhāṇaṃ katvā tassa anattamanabhāvaṃ viditvā idāni naṃ paggaṇhanto gāthamāha –
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The Great Being by singing the praises of womankind reduced Sumukha to silence 2, but on seeing how distressed he was, he now, to conciliate him, repeated this stanza:
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126.
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"So taṃ yogaṃ payuñjassu, yuttaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ;
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An effort make such as is due, with justice as thy plea,
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Tava pariyāpadānena, mama pāṇesanaṃ carā"ti.
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And by heroic act, dear friend, restore my life to me.
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Tattha soti, samma sumukha, so tvaṃ.
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Taṃ yoganti yaṃ pubbe "ahaṃ yogaṃ payuñjissaṃ, yuttaṃ dhammūpasaṃhita"nti avacāsi, taṃ idāni payuñjassu.
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Tava pariyāpadānenāti tava tena yogena parisuddhena.
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"Pariyodātenā"tipi pāṭho, parittāṇenāti attho, tayā katattā tava santakena parittāṇena mama jīvitapariyesanaṃ carāti adhippāyo.
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Atha sumukho "ayaṃ ativiya maraṇabhayabhīto mama ñāṇabalaṃ na jānāti, rājānaṃ disvā thokaṃ kathaṃ labhitvā jānissāmi, assāsessāmi tāva na"nti cintetvā gāthamāha –
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Then Sumukha thought, "He is greatly terrified by fear of death; he does not know my powers. After seeing the king of Benares and having a little talk with him, I shall know what to do: meanwhile I will comfort my king," and he spoke this stanza:
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127.
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"Mā bhāyi patataṃ seṭṭha, na hi bhāyanti tādisā;
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Fear not, O noble bird, for fears become not one like thee,
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Ahaṃ yogaṃ payuñjissaṃ, yuttaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ;
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An effort I will duly make, with justice as my plea,
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Mama pariyāpadānena, khippaṃ pāsā pamokkhasī"ti.
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And soon by my heroic act thou shalt once more be free.
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Tattha pāsāti dukkhapāsato.
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Iti tesaṃ sakuṇabhāsāya kathentānaṃ luddaputto na kiñci aññāsi, kevalaṃ pana te kājenādāya bārāṇasiṃ pāvisi.
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While they were thus conversing in the language of birds, the fowler did not understand a single word they said, but carrying them on his pole he entered Benares,
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Acchariyabbhutajātena añjalinā mahājanena anuggacchamāno so rājadvāraṃ patvā attano āgatabhāvaṃ rañño ārocāpesi.
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followed by a multitude of people, who, filled with wonder and amazement, stretched forth their hands in suppliant attitude. On reaching the door of the palace, the fowler had his arrival made known to the king.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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128.
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"So luddo haṃsakājena, rājadvāraṃ upāgami;
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The fowler with his burden to the palace gate drew near;
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Paṭivedetha maṃ rañño, dhataraṭṭhāyamāgato"ti.
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"Announce me to the king," he cried, "the ruddy goose is here."
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Tattha paṭivedetha manti khemako āgatoti evaṃ maṃ rañño nivedetha.
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Dhataraṭṭhāyanti ayaṃ dhataraṭṭho āgatoti paṭivedetha.
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Dovāriko gantvā paṭivedesi.
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The doorkeeper went and announced his arrival.
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Rājā sañjātasomanasso "khippaṃ āgacchatū"ti vatvā amaccagaṇaparivuto samussitasetacchatte rājapallaṅke nisinno khemakaṃ haṃsakājaṃ ādāya mahātalaṃ abhiruḷhaṃ disvā suvaṇṇavaṇṇe haṃse oloketvā "sampuṇṇo me manoratho"ti tassa kattabbakiccaṃ amacce āṇāpesi.
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The king was highly delighted and said, "Let him come hither at once," and attended by a crowd of courtiers and seated upon the throne with a white umbrella held over him he saw Khemaka ascend to the dais with his burden, and looking at the gold-coloured geese, he said, "My heart's desire is fulfilled," and he gave an order to his courtiers that all due service should be rendered to the fowler.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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To make the matter clear, the Master said:
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129.
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"Te disvā puññasaṅkāse, ubho lakkhaṇasammate;
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Seeing these birds with holy looks and marks auspicious blest,
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Khalu saṃyamano rājā, amacce ajjhabhāsatha.
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King Saṁyama with words like these his councillors addressed:
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130.
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"Detha luddassa vatthāni, annaṃ pānañca bhojanaṃ;
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"Give to the fowler meat and drink, soft food, apparel brave,
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Kāmaṃkaro hiraññassa, yāvanto esa icchatī"ti.
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And store of ruddy gold as much as heart of man can crave."
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Tattha puññasaṅkāseti attano puññasadise.
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Lakkhaṇasammateti seṭṭhasammate abhiññāte.
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Khalūti nipāto, tassa "te khalu disvā"ti purimapadena sambandho.
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"Dethā"tiādīni rājā pasannākāraṃ karonto āha.
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Tattha kāmaṃkaro hiraññassāti hiraññaṃ assa kāmakiriyā atthu.
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Yāvantoti yattakaṃ esa icchati, tattakaṃ hiraññamassa dethāti attho.
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Evaṃ pasannākāraṃ kāretvā pītisomanassāsamussahito "gacchatha naṃ alaṅkaritvā ānethā"ti āha.
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Being highly elated with joy, he in this way showed his pleasure and said, "Go and array the fowler and bring him back to me."
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Atha naṃ amaccā rājanivesanā otāretvā kappitakesamassuṃ nhātānulittaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ katvā rañño dassesuṃ.
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So the courtiers, taking him down from the palace, had his hair and beard trimmed, and when he had taken a bath and had been anointed and was sumptuously arrayed they brought him into the presence of the king.
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Athassa rājā saṃvacchare satasahassuṭṭhānake dvādasa gāme ājaññayuttaṃ rathaṃ alaṅkatamahāgehañcāti mahantaṃ yasaṃ dāpesi.
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Then the king conferred on him twelve hamlets, yielding annually a hundred thousand pieces of money, a chariot yoked with thoroughbreds, a large well-equipped house and very great honour.
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So mahantaṃ yasaṃ labhitvā attano kammaṃ pakāsetuṃ "na te, deva, mayā yo vā so vā haṃso ānīto, ayaṃ pana navutiyā haṃsasahassānaṃ rājā dhataraṭṭho nāma, ayaṃ senāpati sumukho nāmā"ti āha.
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On receiving so great honour, the fowler, to explain what he had done, said, "This, sire, is no ordinary goose that I have brought you; this is the king of ninety thousand geese, Dhataraṭṭha by name, and this is the chief captain, Sumukha."
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Atha naṃ rājā "kathaṃ te, samma, ete gahitā"ti pucchi.
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Then the king asked, "How, friend, did you catch them? "
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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131.
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"Disvā luddaṃ pasannattaṃ, kāsirājā tadabravi;
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Seeing the fowler highly pleased, the king of Kāsi said,
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Yadyāyaṃ samma khemaka, puṇṇā haṃsehi tiṭṭhati.
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"If, Khemaka, on yonder lake geese in their thousands fed,
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132.
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"Kathaṃ rucimajjhagataṃ, pāsahattho upāgami;
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Amidst the throng of kindred fowl, pray, how didst thou contrive
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Okiṇṇaṃ ñātisaṅghehi, nimmajjhimaṃ kathaṃ gahī"ti.
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To single out this lovely bird and capture him alive?"
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Tattha pasannattanti pasannabhāvaṃ somanassappattaṃ.
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Yadyāyanti, samma khemaka, yadi ayaṃ amhākaṃ pokkharaṇī navutihaṃsasahassehi puṇṇā tiṭṭhati.
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Kathaṃ rucimajjhagatanti evaṃ sante tvaṃ tesaṃ rucīnaṃ piyadassanānaṃ haṃsānaṃ majjhagataṃ etaṃ ñātisaṅghehi okiṇṇaṃ.
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Nimmajjhimanti neva majjhimaṃ neva kaniṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ haṃsarājānaṃ kathaṃ pāsahattho upāgami kathaṃ gaṇhīti.
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So tassa kathento āha –
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The fowler answering him said:
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133.
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"Ajja me sattamā ratti, adanāni upāsato;
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1Through seven long days with anxious care in vain I marked the spot,
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Padametassa anvesaṃ, appamatto ghaṭassito.
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Searching for that fair goose's track, concealed within a pot 2.
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134.
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"Athassa padamaddakkhiṃ, carato adanesanaṃ;
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To-day I found the feeding-ground to which the goose repaired,
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Tatthāhaṃ odahiṃ pāsaṃ, evaṃ taṃ dijamaggahi"nti.
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And there straightway I set a trap and lo! he soon was snared.
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Tattha adanānīti ādānāni, gocaraggahaṇaṭṭhānānīti attho, ayameva vā pāṭho.
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Upāsatoti upagacchantassa.
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Padanti gocarabhūmiyaṃ akkantapadaṃ.
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Ghaṭassitoti cāṭipañjare nissito hutvā.
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Athassāti atha chaṭṭhe divase etassa adanesanaṃ carantassa padaṃ addakkhiṃ.
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Evaṃ tanti evaṃ taṃ dijaṃ aggahinti sabbaṃ gahitopāyaṃ ācikkhi.
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Taṃ sutvā rājā "ayaṃ dvāre ṭhatvā paṭivedentopi dhataraṭṭhassevāgamanaṃ paṭivedesi, idānipi etaṃ ekameva gaṇhinti vadati, kiṃ nu kho ettha kāraṇa"nti cintetvā gāthamāha –
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On hearing this the king thought, "This fellow standing at the door and telling his story spoke only of the arrival of the Dhataraṭṭha king and now too he speaks of this one only. What can be the meaning of this? " and he spoke this stanza:
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135.
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"Ludda dve ime sakuṇā, atha ekoti bhāsasi;
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Fowler, thou speakst of only one, yet here two birds I see;
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Cittaṃ nu te vipariyattaṃ, adu kiṃ nu jigīsasī"ti.
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’Tis some mistake, why wouldst thou bring this second bird to me?
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Tattha vipariyattanti vipallatthaṃ.
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Adu kiṃ nu jigīsasīti udāhu kiṃ nu cintesi, kiṃ itaraṃ gahetvā aññassa dātukāmo hutvā cintesīti pucchati.
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Tato luddo "na me, deva, cittaṃ vipallatthaṃ, nāpi ahaṃ itaraṃ aññassa dātukāmo, apica kho pana mayā ohite pāse ekova baddho"ti āvi karonto āha –
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Then the fowler said, "There was no change of purpose on my part, nor am I anxious to present the second goose to some one else: moreover only one was caught in the snare I set," and in explanation he said:
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136.
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"Yassa lohitakā tālā, tapanīyanibhā subhā;
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The goose with lines like ruddy gold all running down his breast,
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Uraṃ saṃhacca tiṭṭhanti, so me bandhaṃ upāgami.
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Caught in my snare I hither bring, O king, at thy behest.
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137.
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"Athāyaṃ bhassaro pakkhī, abaddho baddhamāturaṃ;
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This splendid bird himself still free sat by the captive's side,
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Ariyaṃ bruvāno aṭṭhāsi, cajanto mānusiṃ gira"nti.
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The while with kindly human speech his friend to cheer he tried.
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Tattha lohitakāti rattavaṇṇā.
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Lātāti rājiyo.
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Uraṃ saṃhaccāti uraṃ āhacca.
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Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mahārāja, yassetā rattasuvaṇṇasappaṭibhāgā tisso lohitakā rājiyo gīvaṃ parikkhipitvā uraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhanti, so ekova mama pāse bandhaṃ upāgatoti.
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Bhassaroti parisuddho pabhāsampanno.
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Āturanti gilānaṃ dukkhitaṃ aṭṭhāsīti.
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Atha dhataraṭṭhassa baddhabhāvaṃ ñatvā nivattitvā etaṃ samassāsetvā mamāgamanakāle ca paccuggamanaṃ katvā ākāseyeva mayā saddhiṃ madhurapaṭisanthāraṃ katvā manussabhāsāya dhataraṭṭhassa guṇaṃ kathento aṭṭhāsi, mama hadayaṃ mudukaṃ katvā puna etasseva purato aṭṭhāsi.
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"As soon as he knew that the Dhataraṭṭha goose was caught, he stayed and consoled his friend and on my approach he came to meet me and remained poised in the air, conversing pleasantly with me in human language and telling of the virtues of the Dhataraṭṭha, and after thus softening my heart [373] he once more took his stand in front of his friend.
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Athāhaṃ, deva, sumukhassa subhāsitaṃ sutvā pasannacitto dhataraṭṭhaṃ vissajjesiṃ, iti dhataraṭṭhassa pāsato mokkho, ime haṃse ādāya mama idhāgamanañca sumukheneva katanti.
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Then I, sire, on hearing the eloquence of Sumukha was converted and let the Dhataraṭṭha loose. Thus was the release of Dhataraṭṭha from the snare and my coming here with these geese all owing to Sumukha."
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Evaṃ so sumukhassa guṇakathaṃ kathesi.
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And he then after this manner proclaimed the virtues of Sumukha.
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Taṃ sutvā rājā sumukhassa dhammakathaṃ sotukāmo ahosi.
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On being told this the king was anxious to hear a sermon from Sumukha,
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Luddaputtassa sakkāraṃ karontasseva sūriyo atthaṅgato, dīpā pajjalitā, bahū khattiyādayo sannipatitā, khemā devīpi vividhanāṭakaparivārā rañño dakkhiṇapasse nisīdi.
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and while the fowler was still paying honour to him, the sun set, lamps were lighted, and a crowd of warrior chiefs and others gathered together and queen Khemā with an escort of divers bands of dancers took her seat on the right of the king,
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Tasmiṃ khaṇe rājā sumukhaṃ kathāpetukāmo gāthamāha –
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and at this moment the king, desiring to persuade Sumukha to speak, uttered this stanza:
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138.
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"Atha kiṃ dāni sumukha, hanuṃ saṃhacca tiṭṭhasi;
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Why, Sumukha, dost hold thy tongue? Is it from awe, I pray,
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Adu me parisaṃ patto, bhayā bhīto na bhāsasī"ti.
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That in my royal presence thou hast not a word to say?
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Tattha hanuṃ saṃhaccāti madhurakatho kira tvaṃ, atha kasmā idāni mukhaṃ pidhāya tiṭṭhasi.
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Adūti kacci.
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Bhayā bhītoti parisasārajjabhayena bhīto hutvā.
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Taṃ sutvā sumukho abhītabhāvaṃ dassento gāthamāha –
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Hearing this, Sumukha, to show he was not afraid, said:
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139.
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"Nāhaṃ kāsipati bhīto, ogayha parisaṃ tava;
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I fear not, Kāsi lord, to speak amidst thy royal train,
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Nāhaṃ bhayā na bhāsissaṃ, vākyaṃ atthasmiṃ tādise"ti.
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Nor, should occasion fit arrive, would I from words refrain.
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Tattha tādiseti apica kho pana tathārūpe atthe uppanne vākyaṃ bhāsissāmīti vacanokāsaṃ olokento nisinnomhīti attho.
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Taṃ sutvā rājā tassa kathaṃ vaḍḍhetukāmatāya parihāsaṃ karonto āha –
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Hearing this, the king, desirous to make him speak at greater length, reviling him, said:
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140.
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"Na te abhisaraṃ passe, na rathe napi pattike;
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No escort bold of horse or foot, no cars, no infantry.
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Nāssa cammaṃva kīṭaṃ vā, vammite ca dhanuggahe.
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No archers clad in mail, no helm 1, no leather shield I see,
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141.
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"Na hiraññaṃ suvaṇṇaṃ vā, nagaraṃ vā sumāpitaṃ;
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I see no yellow gold, no town with goodly buildings crowned,
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Okiṇṇaparikhaṃ duggaṃ, daḷhamaṭṭālakoṭṭhakaṃ;
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No watch tower made impregnable with moat encircling round,
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Yattha paviṭṭho sumukha, bhāyitabbaṃ na bhāyasī"ti.
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Entrenched wherein by Sumukha will nought to fear be found.
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Tattha abhisaranti rakkhaṇatthāya parivāretvā ṭhitaṃ āvudhahatthaṃ parisaṃ te na passāmi.
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Nāssāti ettha assāti nipātamattaṃ.
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Cammanti saraparittāṇacammaṃ.
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Kīṭanti kīṭaṃ cāṭikapālādi vuccati.
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Cāṭikapālahatthāpi te santike natthīti dīpeti.
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Vammiteti cammasannaddhe.
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Na hiraññanti yaṃ nissāya na bhāyasi, taṃ hiraññampi te na passāmi.
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Evaṃ raññā "kiṃ te abhāyanakāraṇa"nti vutte taṃ kathento āha –
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When the king had in this wise asked why he was not terrified, Sumukha replied in this stanza:
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142.
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"Na me abhisarenattho, nagarena dhanena vā;
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No escort for a guard I want, no town or wealth need I,
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Apathena pathaṃ yāma, antalikkhecarā mayaṃ.
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’Midst pathless air we find a way and travel through the sky.
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143.
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"Sutā ca paṇḍitā tyamhā, nipuṇā catthacintakā;
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If thou wert stablished in the truth, we fain to thee would teach
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Bhāsematthavatiṃ vācaṃ, sacce cassa patiṭṭhito.
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Some useful lesson for thy good in wise and subtle speech.
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144.
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"Kiñca tuyhaṃ asaccassa, anariyassa karissati;
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But if thou art a liar, false, one of ignoble strain,
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Musāvādissa luddassa, bhaṇitampi subhāsita"nti.
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This fowler's words of eloquence appeal to thee in vain.
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Tattha abhisarenāti ārakkhaparivārena.
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Atthoti etena mama kiccaṃ natthi.
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Kasmā?
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Yasmā apathena tumhādisānaṃ amaggena pathaṃ māpetvā yāma, ākāsacārino mayanti.
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Paṇḍitā tyamhāti paṇḍitāti tayā sutāmhā, teneva kāraṇena amhākaṃ santikā dhammaṃ sotukāmo kira no gāhāpesi.
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Sacce cassāti sace pana tvaṃ sacce patiṭṭhito assa, atthavatiṃ kāraṇanissitaṃ vācaṃ bhāseyyāma.
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Asaccassāti vacīsaccarahitassa tava subhāsitaṃ muṇḍassa dantasūci viya kiṃ karissati.
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Taṃ sutvā rājā "kasmā maṃ musāvādī anariyoti vadasi, kiṃ mayā kata"nti āha.
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On hearing this the king said, "Why speakest thou of me as lying and ignoble? What have I done?
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Atha naṃ sumukho "tena hi, mahārāja, suṇāhī"ti vatvā āha –
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" Then Sumukha said, "Well, listen to me," and he spoke as follows:
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145.
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"Taṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vacanā, imaṃ khemamakārayi;
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At brahmins' bidding thou didst make this Khema, lake of fame,
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Abhayañca tayā ghuṭṭhaṃ, imāyo dasadhā disā.
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And didst to birds at twice five points immunity proclaim.
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146.
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"Ogayha te pokkharaṇiṃ, vippasannodakaṃ suciṃ;
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Within this peaceful pool thus fed with streams serene and pure,
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Pahūtaṃ cādanaṃ tattha, ahiṃsā cettha pakkhinaṃ.
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Birds ever found abundant food and lived a life secure.
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147.
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"Idaṃ sutvāna nigghosaṃ, āgatamha tavantike;
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Hearing this noised abroad we came to visit that fair scene,
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Te te baddhasma pāsena, etaṃ te bhāsitaṃ musā.
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And snared by thee we found alas! thy promise false had been.
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148.
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"Musāvādaṃ purakkhatvā, icchālobhañca pāpakaṃ;
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But under cover of a lie each act of sinful greed
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Ubhosandhimatikkamma, asātaṃ upapajjatī"ti.
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Forfeits rebirth as man or god, and straight to hell must lead.
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Tattha tanti tvaṃ.
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Khemanti evaṃnāmikaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ.
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Ghuṭṭhanti catūsu kaṇṇesu ṭhatvā ghosāpitaṃ.
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Dasadhāti imāsu dasadhā ṭhitāsu disāsu tayā abhayaṃ ghuṭṭhaṃ.
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Ogayhāti ogāhetvā āgatānaṃ santikā.
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Pahūtaṃ cādananti pahūtañca padumapupphasāliādikaṃ adanaṃ.
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Idaṃ sutvānāti tesaṃ taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ ogāhetvā āgatānaṃ santikā idaṃ abhayaṃ sutvā tavantike tava samīpe tayā kāritapokkharaṇiṃ āgatāmhāti attho.
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Te teti te mayaṃ tava pāsena baddhā.
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Purakkhatvāti purato katvā.
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Icchālobhanti icchāsaṅkhātaṃ pāpakaṃ lobhaṃ.
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Ubhosandhinti ubhayaṃ devaloke ca manussaloke ca paṭisandhiṃ ime pāpadhamme purato katvā caranto puggalo sugatipaṭisandhiṃ atikkamitvā asātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatīti.
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Evaṃ parisamajjheyeva rājānaṃ lajjāpesi.
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Thus did he even in the midst of his retinue put the king to shame.
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Atha naṃ rājā "nāhaṃ, sumukha, tumhe māretvā maṃsaṃ khāditukāmo gaṇhāpesiṃ, paṇḍitabhāvaṃ pana vo sutvā subhāsitaṃ sotukāmo gaṇhāpesi"nti pakāsento āha –
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Then the king said to him, "I did not have you caught, Sumukha, to kill you and eat your flesh, but hearing how wise you were I was anxious to listen to your eloquence," and, making the matter clear, he said:
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149.
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"Nāparajjhāma sumukha, napi lobhāva maggahiṃ;
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No sin was mine, O Sumukha, nor seized I you through greed,
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Sutā ca paṇḍitātyattha, nipuṇā atthacintakā.
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Your fame for wisdom and deep thought, ’twas this that caused the deed.
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150.
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"Appevatthavatiṃ vācaṃ, byāhareyyuṃ idhāgatā;
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"Haply if here they may declare some true and helpful word,"
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Tathā taṃ samma nesādo, vutto sumukha maggahī"ti.
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’Twas so I bade the fowler seize and bring thee here, O bird.
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Tattha nāparajjhāmāti mārento aparajjhati nāma, mayaṃ na mārema.
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Lobhāva maggahinti maṃsaṃ khāditukāmo hutvā lobhāva tumhe nāhaṃ aggahiṃ.
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Paṇḍitātyatthāti paṇḍitāti sutā attha.
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Atthacintakāti paṭicchannānaṃ atthānaṃ cintakā.
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Atthavatinti kāraṇanissitaṃ.
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Tathāti tena kāraṇena.
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Vuttoti mayā vutto hutvā.
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Sumukha, maggahīti, sumukhāti ālapati, ma-kāro padasandhikaro.
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Aggahīti dhammaṃ desetuṃ tumhe gaṇhi.
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Taṃ sutvā sumukho "subhāsitaṃ sotukāmena ayuttaṃ te kataṃ, mahārājā"ti vatvā āha –
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On hearing this Sumukha said, "You have acted wrongly, sire," and he spoke as follows:
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151.
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"Neva bhītā kāsipati, upanītasmiṃ jīvite;
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We could not speak the word of truth, awed by approaching death,
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Bhāsematthavatiṃ vācaṃ, sampattā kālapariyāyaṃ.
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Nor when in death's last agony we draw our parting breath.
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152.
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"Yo migena migaṃ hanti, pakkhiṃ vā pana pakkhinā;
|
2Who would a bird with bird decoy, or beast with beast pursue,
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Sutena vā sutaṃ kiṇyā, kiṃ anariyataraṃ tato.
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Or with a text a preacher trap, nought base would he eschew.
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153.
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"Yo cāriyarudaṃ bhāse, anariyadhammavassito;
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And whoso utters noble words, intent on action base,
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Ubho so dhaṃsate lokā, idha ceva parattha ca.
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Both here and in the next world sinks from bliss to woeful place.
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154.
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"Na majjetha yasaṃ patto, na byādhe pattasaṃsayaṃ;
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Be not o’erjoyed in glory's hour, in danger not distrest,
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Vāyametheva kiccesu, saṃvare vivarāni ca.
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Make good defects, in trouble strive to do thy very best.
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155.
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"Ye vuddhā abbhatikkantā, sampattā kālapariyāyaṃ;
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Sages arrived at life's last stage, the goal of death in view,
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Idha dhammaṃ caritvāna, evaṃte tidivaṃ gatā.
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After a righteous course on earth, to heaven their way pursue.
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156.
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|
"Idaṃ sutvā kāsipati, dhammamattani pālaya;
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Hearing this cleave to righteousness, O sire, and straight release
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Dhataraṭṭhañca muñcāhi, haṃsānaṃ pavaruttama"nti.
|
This royal Dhataraṭṭha bird, the paragon of geese.
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|
Tattha upanītasminti maraṇasantikaṃ upanīte.
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Kālapariyāyanti maraṇakālavāraṃ sampattā samānā na bhāsissāma.
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Na hi dhammakathikaṃ bandhitvā maraṇabhayena tajjetvā dhammaṃ suṇanti, ayuttaṃ te katanti.
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Migenāti suṭṭhu sikkhāpitena dīpakamigena.
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Hantīti hanati.
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Pakkhināti dīpakapakkhinā.
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Sutenāti khemaṃ nibbhayanti vissutena dīpakamigapakkhisadisena padumasarena.
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Sutanti "paṇḍito citrakathī"ti evaṃ sutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ.
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Kiṇyāti "dhammaṃ sossāmī"ti pāsabandhanena yo kiṇeyya hiṃseyya bādheyya.
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Tatoti tesaṃ kiriyato uttari aññaṃ anariyataraṃ nāma kimatthi.
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Ariyarudanti mukhena ariyavacanaṃ sundaravacanaṃ bhāsati.
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Anariyadhammavassitoti kammena anariyadhammaṃ avassito.
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Ubhoti devalokā ca manussalokā cāti ubhayamhā.
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Idha cevāti idha uppannopi parattha uppannopi evarūpo dvīhi sugatilokehi dhaṃsitvā nirayameva upapajjati.
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Pattasaṃsayanti jīvitasaṃsayamāpannampi dukkhaṃ patvā na kilameyya.
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Saṃvare vivarāni cāti attano chiddāni dvārāni saṃvareyya pidaheyya.
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Vuddhāti guṇavuddhā paṇḍitā.
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Abbhatikkantāti imaṃ manussalokaṃ atikkantā.
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Kālapariyāyanti maraṇakālapariyāyaṃ pattā hutvā.
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Evaṃteti evaṃ ete.
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Idanti idaṃ mayā vuttaṃ atthanissitaṃ vacanaṃ.
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Dhammanti paveṇiyadhammampi sucaritadhammampi.
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Taṃ sutvā rājā āha –
|
Hearing this the king said:
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157.
|
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|
"Āharantudakaṃ pajjaṃ, āsanañca mahārahaṃ;
|
Go, fetch ye water for their feet, and throne of solid worth,
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|
Pañjarato pamokkhāmi, dhataraṭṭhaṃ yasassinaṃ.
|
Lo! from his cage I have set free the noblest bird on earth,
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158.
|
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|
"Tañca senāpatiṃ dhīraṃ, nipuṇaṃ atthacintakaṃ;
|
Together with his captain bold, so able and so wise,
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|
Yo sukhe sukhito rañño, dukkhite hoti dukkhito.
|
Taught with his king in weal and woe ever to sympathise.
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159.
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|
"Ediso kho arahati, piṇḍamasnātu bhattuno;
|
Sure such an one right well deserves e’en as his lord to fare,
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|
Yathāyaṃ sumukho rañño, pāṇasādhāraṇo sakhā"ti.
|
Just as he was prepared with him both life and death to share.
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Tattha udakanti pādadhovanaṃ.
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|
Pajjanti pādabbhañjanaṃ.
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Sukheti sukhamhi sati.
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|
Rañño vacanaṃ sutvā tesaṃ āsanāni āharitvā tattha nisinnānaṃ gandhodakena pāde dhovitvā satapākena telena abbhañjiṃsu.
|
Hearing the king's words they fetched seats for them and as they sat there they washed their feet with scented water and anointed them with oil an hundredfold refined.
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|
Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
|
The Master, in explaining the matter, said:
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|
160.
|
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|
"Pīṭhañca sabbasovaṇṇaṃ, aṭṭhapādaṃ manoramaṃ;
|
The royal bird sat on a throne, eight-footed, burnished bright,
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|
Maṭṭhaṃ kāsikamatthannaṃ, dhataraṭṭho upāvisi.
|
All solid gold, with Kāsi cloth o’erspread, a splendid sight.
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161.
|
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|
"Kocchañca sabbasovaṇṇaṃ, veyyagghaparisibbitaṃ;
|
And next his king sat Sumukha, his trusty captain bold,
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|
Sumukho ajjhupāvekkhi, dhataraṭṭhassanantarā.
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Upon a couch with tiger-skin o’erspread, and all of gold.
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162.
|
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|
"Tesaṃ kañcanapattahi, puthū ādāya kāsiyo;
|
To them full many a Kāsi lord in golden bowls did bring,
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|
Haṃsānaṃ abhihāresu, aggarañño pavāsita"nti.
|
Choice gifts of dainty food to eat, the offerings of their king.
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|
Tattha maṭṭhanti karaṇapariniṭṭhitaṃ.
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|
Kāsikamatthannanti kāsikavatthena atthataṃ.
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|
Kocchanti majjhe saṃkhittaṃ.
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|
Veyyagghaparisibbitanti byagghacammaparisibbitaṃ maṅgaladivase aggamahesiyā nisinnapīṭhaṃ.
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|
Kañcanapattehīti suvaṇṇabhājanehi.
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|
Puthūti bahū janā.
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|
Kāsiyoti kāsiraṭṭhavāsino.
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Abhihāresunti upanāmesuṃ.
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|
Aggarañño pavāsitanti aṭṭhasatapalasuvaṇṇapātiparikkhittaṃ haṃsarañño paṇṇākāratthāya kāsiraññā pesitaṃ nānaggarasabhojanaṃ.
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|
Evaṃ upanīte pana tasmiṃ kāsirājā tesaṃ sampaggahatthaṃ sayaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ gahetvā upanāmesi.
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When this food had been thus served to them, the Kāsi king, to welcome them, himself took a golden bowl and offered it to them,
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Te tato madhulāje khāditvā madhurodakañca piviṃsu.
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and they from it ate honey and parched grain and drank sugar-water.
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Atha mahāsatto rañño abhihārañca pasādañca disvā paṭisanthāramakāsi.
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Then the Great Being, taking note of the king's offering and the grace with which it was made, entered into friendly converse with him.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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The Master, to clear up the matter, said:
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163.
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"Disvā abhihaṭaṃ aggaṃ, kāsirājena pesitaṃ;
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Thinking, "How choice the gifts this lord of Kāsi offered us,"
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Kusalo khattadhammānaṃ, tato pucchi anantarā.
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The bird, skilled in the ways of kings, made his inquiries thus:
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164.
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"Kaccinnu bhoto kusalaṃ, kacci bhoto anāmayaṃ;
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1Dost thou, my lord, enjoy good health and is all well with thee?
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Kacci raṭṭhamidaṃ phītaṃ, dhammena manusāsasi.
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I trust thy realm is flourishing and ruled in equity.
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165.
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"Kusalañceva me haṃsa, atho haṃsa anāmayaṃ;
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O king of geese, my health is good and all is well with me;
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Atho raṭṭhamidaṃ phītaṃ, dhammena manusāsahaṃ.
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My realm is very flourishing and ruled in equity.
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166.
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"Kacci bhoto amaccesu, doso koci na vijjati;
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Hast thou true men to counsel thee, free from all stain and blame,
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Kacci ca te tavatthesu, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ.
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Ready to die, if need there be, for thy good cause and name?
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167.
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"Athopi me amaccesu, doso koci na vijjati;
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I have true men to counsel me, free from all stain and blame,
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Athopi te mamatthesu, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ.
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Ready to die, if need there be, for my good cause and name.
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168.
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"Kacci te sādisī bhariyā, assavā piyabhāṇinī;
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Hast thou a wife of equal birth, obedient, kind in word,
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Puttarūpayasūpetā, tava chandavasānugā.
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With children blest, good looks, fair name, compliant with her lord?
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169.
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"Atho me sādisī bhariyā, assavā piyabhāṇinī;
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I have a wife of equal birth, obedient, kind in word,
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Puttarūpayasūpetā, mama chandavasānugā.
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With children blest, good looks, fair name, compliant with her lord.
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170.
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"Kacci raṭṭhaṃ anuppīḷaṃ, akutociupaddavaṃ;
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And is thy realm in happy case, from all oppression free,
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Asāhasena dhammena, samena manusāsasi.
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Held by no arbitrary sway, but ruled with equity?
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171.
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"Atho raṭṭhaṃ anuppīḷaṃ, akutociupaddavaṃ;
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My kingdom is in happy case, from all oppression free,
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Asāhasena dhammena, samena manusāsahaṃ.
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Held by no arbitrary sway, but ruled with equity.
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172.
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"Kacci santo apacitā, asanto parivajjitā;
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Dost drive bad men out from the land, good men to honour raise,
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No ce dhammaṃ niraṃkatvā, adhammamanuvattasi.
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Or dost thou righteousness eschew, to follow evil ways?
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173.
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"Santo ca me apacitā, asanto parivajjitā;
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I drive bad men out from the land, good men to honour raise,
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Dhammamevānuvattāmi, adhammo me niraṃkato.
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All wickedness I do eschew and follow righteous ways.
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174.
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"Kacci nānāgataṃ dīghaṃ, samavekkhasi khattiya;
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Dost mark the span of life, O king, how quickly it is sped,
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Kaccimatto madanīye, paralokaṃ na santasi.
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Or drunk with madness dost regard the next world free from dread?
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175.
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"Nāhaṃ anāgataṃ dīghaṃ, samavekkhāmi pakkhima;
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I mark the span of life, O bird, how quickly it is sped,
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Ṭhito dasasu dhammesu, paralokaṃ na santase.
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And, standing fast in virtues ten, the next world never dread.
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176.
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"Dānaṃ sīlaṃ pariccāgaṃ, ajjavaṃ maddavaṃ tapaṃ;
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Almsgiving, justice, penitence, meek spirit, temper mild,
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Дарение, нравственность, отрешение, честность, мягкость, аскетизм
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Akkodhaṃ avihiṃsañca, khantiñca avirodhanaṃ.
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Peace, mercy, patience, charity, with morals undefiled—
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отсутствие гнева, ненасилие, терпение и не препятствование.
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177.
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"Iccete kusale dhamme, ṭhite passāmi attani;
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These graces firmly planted in my soul are clear to see,
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Tato me jāyate pīti, sāmanassañcanappakaṃ.
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Whence springs rich harvest of great joy and happiness for me.
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178.
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"Sumukho ca acintetvā, visajji pharusaṃ giraṃ;
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But Sumukha though knowing nought of evil we had done,
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Bhāvadosamanaññāya, asmākāyaṃ vihaṅgamo.
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Right heedlessly gave vent to words in harsh and angry tone.
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179.
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"So kuddho pharusaṃ vācaṃ, nicchāresi ayoniso;
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Things I knew not were to my charge by this bird wrongly laid,
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Yānasmesu na vijjanti, nayidaṃ paññavatāmivā"ti.
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In language harsh. Herein, methinks, scant wisdom was displayed.
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Tattha disvāti taṃ bahuṃ aggapānabhojanaṃ disvā.
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Pesitanti āharāpetvā upanītaṃ.
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Khattadhammānanti paṭhamakāraṇesu paṭisanthāradhammānaṃ.
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Tato pucchi anantarāti tasmiṃ kāle "kacci nu, bhoto"ti anupaṭipāṭiyā pucchi.
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Tā panetā cha gāthā heṭṭhā vuttatthāyeva.
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Anuppīḷanti kacci raṭṭhavāsino yante ucchuṃ viya na pīḷesīti pucchati.
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Akutociupaddavanti kutoci anupaddavaṃ.
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Dhammena samena manusāsasīti kacci tava raṭṭhaṃ dhammena samena anusāsasi.
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Santoti sīlādiguṇasaṃyuttā sappurisā.
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Niraṃkatvāti chaḍḍetvā.
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Nānāgataṃ dīghanti anāgataṃ attano jīvitapavattiṃ "kacci dīgha"nti na samavekkhasi, āyusaṅkhārānaṃ parittabhāvaṃ jānāsīti pucchati.
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Madanīyeti madārahe rūpādiārammaṇe.
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Na santasīti na bhāyasi.
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Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kacci rūpādīsu kāmaguṇesu amatto appamatto hutvā dānādīnaṃ kusalānaṃ katattā paralokaṃ na bhāyasīti.
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Dasasūti dasasu rājadhammesu.
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"В десяти" в десяти правилах [хорошего] правителя.
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Dānādīsu dasavatthukā cetanā dānaṃ, pañcasīladasasīlāni sīlaṃ, deyyadhammacāgo pariccāgo, ujubhāvo ajjavaṃ, mudubhāvo maddavaṃ, uposathakammaṃ tapo, mettāpubbabhāgo akkodho, karuṇāpubbabhāgo avihiṃsā, adhivāsanā khanti, avirodho avirodhanaṃ.
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В дарении и прочем: дарение, опирающееся на 10 намерений, нравственность - (соблюдение) пяти и десяти правил, отрешение - дарение от щедрости, честность - прямота, мягкость - послушность, аскетизм - соблюдение дня особых предписаний, отсутствие гнева - предшествующее дружелюбие, ненасилие - предшествующее сострадание, терпение - выносливость, не препятствование - отсутствие сопротивления.
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Acintetvāti mama imaṃ guṇasampattiṃ acintetvā.
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Bhāvadosanti cittadosaṃ.
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Anaññāyāti ajānitvā.
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Asmākañhi cittadoso nāma natthi, yamesa jāneyya, taṃ ajānitvāva pharusaṃ kakkhaḷaṃ giraṃ vissajjesi.
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Ayonisoti anupāyena.
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Yānasmesūti yāni vajjāni amhesu na vijjanti, tāni vadati.
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Nayidanti tasmāssa idaṃ vacanaṃ paññavataṃ iva na hoti, tenesa mama na paṇḍito viya upaṭṭhāti.
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Taṃ sutvā sumukho "mayā guṇasampannova rājā apasādito, so me kuddho, khamāpessāmi na"nti cintetvā āha –
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On hearing this Sumukha thought, "This virtuous king is angry, because I upbraided him: I will win his forgiveness," and he said:
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180.
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"Atthi me taṃ atisāraṃ, vegena manujādhipa;
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I sinned against thee, lord of men, and words of rashness spake,
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Dhataraṭṭhe ca baddhasmiṃ, dukkhaṃ me vipulaṃ ahu.
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But when this royal goose was caught my heart was like to break.
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181.
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"Tvaṃ no pitāva puttānaṃ, bhūtānaṃ dharaṇīriva;
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As earth bears with all living things, as father with his son,
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Asmākaṃ adhipannānaṃ, khamassu rājakuñjarā"ti.
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Do thou, O mighty king, forgive the wrong that we have done.
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Tattha atisāranti pakkhalitaṃ.
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Vegenāti ahaṃ etaṃ kathaṃ kathento vegena sahasā kathesiṃ.
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Dukkhanti cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ mama vipulaṃ ahosi, tasmā kodhavasena yaṃ mayā vuttaṃ, taṃ me khamatha, mahārājāti.
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Puttānanti tvaṃ amhākaṃ puttānaṃ pitā viya.
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Dharaṇīrivāti pāṇabhūtānaṃ patiṭṭhā pathavī viya tvaṃ amhākaṃ avassayo.
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Adhipannānanti dosena aparādhena ajjhotthaṭānaṃ khamassūti idaṃ so āsanā oruyha pakkhehi añjaliṃ katvā āha.
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Atha naṃ rājā āliṅgitvā ādāya suvaṇṇapīṭhe nisīdāpetvā accayadesanaṃ paṭiggaṇhanto āha –
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Then the king took the bird up and embraced him and seating him on a golden stool he accepted his confession of error, and said:
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182.
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"Etaṃ te anumodāma, yaṃ bhāvaṃ na nigūhasi;
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I thank thee, bird, that thou shouldst ne’er thy nature true conceal,
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Khilaṃ pabhindasi pakkhi, ujukosi vihaṅgamā"ti.
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1Thou breakest down my stubborn will; upright art thou, I feel.
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Tattha anumodāmāti etaṃ te dosaṃ khamāma.
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Yanti yasmā tvaṃ attano cittapaṭicchannabhāvaṃ na nigūhasi.
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Khilanti cittakhilaṃ cittakhāṇukaṃ.
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Idañca pana vatvā rājā mahāsattassa dhammakathāya sumukhassa ca ujubhāve pasīditvā "pasannena nāma pasannākāro kātabbo"ti ubhinnampi tesaṃ attano rajjasiriṃ niyyādento āha –
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And with these words the king, being highly pleased with the exposition of the Law by the Great Being, and with the straightforward speech of Sumukha, thought, "When one is pleased, one ought to act so as to show one's pleasure," and yielding his royal splendour to the birds, he said:
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183.
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"Yaṃ kiñci ratanaṃ atthi, kāsirājanivesane;
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Whate’er of silver, gold, and pearls, rich gems and precious gear
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Rajataṃ jātarūpañca, muttā veḷuriyā bahū.
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In Kāsi's royal town is stored within my palace here,
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184.
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"Maṇayo saṅkhamuttā ca, vatthakaṃ haricandanaṃ;
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Copper and iron, shells and pearls, and jewels numberless,
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Ajinaṃ dantabhaṇḍañca, lohaṃ kāḷāyasaṃ bahuṃ;
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Ivory, yellow sandal wood, deer skins and costly dress,
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Etaṃ dadāmi vo vittaṃ, issaraṃ vissajāmi vo"ti.
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This wealth and lordship over all, I give you to possess.
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Tattha muttāti viddhāviddhamuttā.
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Maṇayoti maṇibhaṇḍakāni.
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Saṅkhamuttā cāti dakkhiṇāvaṭṭasaṅkharatanañca āmalakavaṭṭamuttaratanañca.
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Vatthakanti sukhumakāsikavatthāni.
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Ajinanti ajinamigacammaṃ.
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Lohaṃ kāḷāyasanti tambalohañca kāḷalohañca.
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Issaranti kañcanamālena setacchattena saddhiṃ dvādasayojanike bārāṇasinagare rajjaṃ.
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Evañca pana vatvā ubhopi te setacchattena pūjetvā rajjaṃ paṭicchāpesi.
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And with such-like words honouring both birds with the white umbrella he handed over to them his kingdom.
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Atha mahāsatto raññā saddhiṃ sallapanto āha –
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Then the Great Being, conversing with the king, said:
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185.
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"Addhā apacitā tyamhā, sakkatā ca rathesabha;
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Since thou art fain to honour us, be pleased, O lord of men,
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Dhammesu vattamānānaṃ, tvaṃ no ācariyo bhava.
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To be our Master, teaching us those royal virtues ten.
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186.
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"Ācariya manuññātā, tayā anumatā mayaṃ;
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And then if thy approval and consent we haply win,
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Taṃ padakkhiṇato katvā, ñātiṃ passemurindamā"ti.
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We would take formal leave of thee, and go to see our kin.
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Tattha dhammesūti kusalakammapathadhammesu.
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Ācariyoti tvaṃ amhehi byattataro, tasmā no ācariyo hoti, apica dasannaṃ rājadhammānaṃ kathitattā sumukhassa dosaṃ dassetvā accayapaṭiggahaṇassa katattāpi tvaṃ amhākaṃ ācariyova, tasmā idānipi no ācārasikkhāpanena ācariyo bhavāti āha.
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Passemurindamāti passemu arindama.
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So tesaṃ gamanaṃ anujāni, bodhisattassapi dhammaṃ kathentasseva aruṇaṃ uṭṭhahi.
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He gave them leave to go, and, while the Bodhisatta was still preaching the Law, the sun arose.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
|
The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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187.
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|
"Sabbarattiṃ cintayitvā, mantayitvā yathākathaṃ;
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The livelong night in deepest thought the king of Kāsi spent,
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Kāsirājā anuññāsi, haṃsānaṃ pavaruttama"nti.
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Then to that noble bird's request straight yielded his consent.
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Tattha yathākathanti yaṃkiñci atthaṃ tehi saddhiṃ cintetabbaṃ mantetabbañca, sabbaṃ taṃ cintetvā ca mantetvā cāti attho.
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Anuññāsīti gacchathāti anuññāsi.
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Evaṃ tena anuññāto bodhisatto rājānaṃ "appamatto dhammena rajjaṃ kārehī"ti ovaditvā pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhāpesi.
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When he had thus got his permission to depart, the Bodhisatta, saying, "Be vigilant and rule your kingdom in righteousness," established the king in the five moral laws.
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Rājā tesaṃ kañcanabhājanehi madhulājañca madhurodakañca upanāmetvā niṭṭhitāhārakicce gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā bodhisattaṃ suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭakena sayaṃ ukkhipi, khemā devī sumukhaṃ ukkhipi.
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And the king offered them parched corn with honey and sugar-water in golden dishes, and when they had finished their meal, after doing them homage with scented wreaths and similar offerings, the king himself lifted the Bodhisatta on high in a golden cage, and queen Khemā lifted Sumukha on high.
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Atha ne sīhapañjaraṃ ugghāṭetvā sūriyuggamanavelāya "gacchatha sāmino"ti vissajjesuṃ.
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Then at sunrise they opened the window and saying, "Sirs, begone," they let them loose.
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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188.
|
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"Tato ratyā vivasāne, sūriyuggamanaṃ pati;
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Then as the sun began to rise and break of day was nigh 1,
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Pekkhato kāsirājassa, bhavanā te vigāhisu"nti.
|
Soon from their sight they vanished quite in depths of azure sky.
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Tattha vigāhisunti ākāsaṃ pakkhandiṃsu.
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|
Tesu mahāsatto suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭakato uppatitvā ākāse ṭhatvā "mā cindayi, mahārāja, appamatto amhākaṃ ovāde vatteyyāsī"ti rājānaṃ samassāsetvā sumukhaṃ ādāya cittakūṭameva gato.
|
One of them, the Great Being, flying up from the golden cage, remained poised in the air, and saying, "O sire, be not troubled, but be vigilant and abide in our admonition," he thus comforted the king, and taking Sumukha with him he made straight for Cittakūṭa.
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|
Tānipi kho navuti haṃsasahassāni kañcanaguhato nikkhamitvā pabbatatale nisinnāni te āgacchante disvā paccuggantvā parivāresuṃ.
|
And those ninety thousand geese issuing forth from the Golden Cave settled on the high table-land, and on seeing the two birds coming they set out to meet them and escorted them home.
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|
Te ñātigaṇaparivutā cittakūṭatalaṃ pavisiṃsu.
|
And thus accompanied by a flock of their kinsfolk they reached the plateau of Cittakūṭa.
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|
Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
|
The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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189.
|
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|
"Te aroge anuppatte, disvāna parame dije;
|
Seeing their chiefs all safe and sound returned from haunts of men,
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|
Kekāti makaruṃ haṃsā, puthusaddo ajāyatha.
|
The wingèd flock with noisy cries welcomed them back again.
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190.
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"Te patītā pamuttena, bhattunā bhattugāravā;
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Thus circling round their lord in whom they trust, these ruddy geese
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Samantā parikiriṃsu, aṇḍajā laddhapaccayā"ti.
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Paid all due honour to their king, rejoiced at his release.
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Evaṃ parivāretvā ca pana te haṃsā "kathaṃ muttosi, mahārājā"ti pucchiṃsu.
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While thus escorting their king, these geese asked him, saying, "How, sire, did you escape?
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Mahāsatto sumukhaṃ nissāya muttabhāvaṃ saṃyamarājaluddaputtehi katakammañca kathesi.
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" The Great Being told them of his escape by the help of Sumukha, and of the action of king Saṁyama and his courtiers.
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Taṃ sutvā tuṭṭhā haṃsagaṇā "sumukho senāpati ca rājā ca luddaputto ca sukhitā niddukkhā ciraṃ jīvantū"ti āhaṃsu.
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On hearing this, the flock of geese in their joy sang their praises, saying, "Long 1 live Sumukha, captain of our host, and long live the king and the fowler. May they be happy and free from sorrow."
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Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
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The Master, to make the matter clear, said:
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191.
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"Evaṃ mittavataṃ atthā, sabbe honti padakkhiṇā;
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Thus all whose hearts are full of love succeed in what they do,
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Haṃsā yathā dhataraṭṭhā, ñātisaṅghamupāgamu"nti.
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E’en as these geese back to their friends once more in safety flew.
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Taṃ cūḷahaṃsajātake vuttatthameva.
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This has been fully related in the Cullahaṁsa Birth.
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Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā "na, bhikkhave, idāneva, pubbepi ānando mamatthāya attano jīvitaṃ pariccajī"ti vatvā jātakaṃ samodhānesi "tadā luddaputto channo ahosi, khemā devī, khemā bhikkhunī, rājā sāriputto, sumukho ānando, sesaparisā buddhaparisā, dhataraṭṭhahaṃsarājā pana ahameva ahosi"nti.
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The Master here ended his story and identified the Birth: "At that time the fowler was Channa, queen Khemā was the nun Khemā, the king was Sāriputta, the king's retinue the followers of Buddha, Sumukha was Ānanda, and the goose-king was I myself."
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Mahāhaṃsajātakavaṇṇanā dutiyā.
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