| пали | N.K.G. Mendis - english
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Rhys Davids T.W. - english
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Парибок А.В. - русский
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Комментарии |
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1."Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā 'abhiññāyāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desemi no anabhiññāyā'ti.
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King Milinda said: “Revered Nāgasena, this too was said by the Blessed One: ‘I teach the Dhamma, monks, from superknowledge, not without super-knowledge.’
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‘Venerable Nāgasena, it has been said by the Blessed One: “It is by insight, O Bhikkhus, that I preach the law, not without insight.”
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Почтенный Нагасена, есть изречение Блаженного: «Со сверхзнаниями427 не иначе, монахи, проповедую я Учение».
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Puna ca vinayapaññattiyā evaṃ bhaṇitaṃ 'ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, saṅgho mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanatū'ti.
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On the other hand he said of the regulations of the Vinaya: ‘When I am gone, Ānanda, let the Order, if it should so desire, abolish the lesser and minor rules of training.91
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On the other hand he said of the regulations of the Vinaya: “When I am gone, Ānanda, let the Order, if it should so wish, abolish all the lesser and minor precepts.”
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О положениях Устава говорится, однако: «После моей смерти, Ананда, пусть отменяет община, если того пожелает, малые и меньшие правила поведения»428.
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Kiṃ nu kho, bhante nāgasena, khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni duppaññattāni, udāhu avatthusmiṃ ajānitvā paññattāni, yaṃ bhagavā attano accayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanāpeti?
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Now, revered Nāgasena, were these lesser and minor rules of training wrongly laid down without ground and in ignorance since the Blessed One allowed them to be abolished after his passing?
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Were then these lesser and minor precepts wrongly laid down, or established in ignorance and without due cause, that the Blessed One allowed them to be revoked after his death?
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Что же, почтенный Нагасена, плохо были установлены малые и меньшие правила поведения? Или напрасно установлены, по незнанию? Почему разрешил Блаженный отменить после своей смерти малые и меньшие правила поведения?
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Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavatā bhaṇitaṃ 'abhiññāyāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desemi no anabhiññāyā'ti, tena hi 'ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, saṅgho mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanatū'ti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā.
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If the first statement had been true, the second would have been wrong.
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If the first statement had been true, the second would have been wrong.
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Если, почтенный Нагасена, Блаженный говорил: «Со сверхзнанием, и не иначе, монахи, проповедую я Учение», то ложно утверждать: «После моей смерти, Ананда, пусть отменяет община, если того пожелает, малые и меньшие правила поведения».
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Yadi tathāgate vinayapaññattiyā evaṃ bhaṇitaṃ 'ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, saṅgho mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanatū'ti tena hi 'abhiññāyāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desemi no anabhiññāyā'ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā.
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If the second statement was really made, then the first was false.
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If the second statement were really made, Then the first was false.
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Если Татхагата сказал о положениях Устава: «После моей смерти, Ананда, пусть отменяет община, если того пожелает, малые и меньшие правила поведения», то ложно утверждать: «Со сверхзнанием, и не иначе, монахи, проповедую я Учение».
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Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho sukhumo nipuṇo gambhīro sugambhīro dunnijjhāpayo, so tavānuppatto, tattha te ñāṇabalavipphāraṃ dassehī"ti.
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This too is a double-pronged question, delicate, subtle, very abstruse, deep, very profound, hard to understand. It is put to you. Show in regard to it your pervading power of knowledge.”
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This too is a double-headed problem, fine, subtle, abstruse, deep, profound, and hard to expound. It is now put to you, and you have to solve it.’
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Вот еще вопрос обоюдоострый, тонкий, скользкий, изощренный, глубокий-преглубокий, с трудом постижимый. Тебе он поставлен. Яви же в знании мощь и стремительность.
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"Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā 'abhiññāyāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desemi no anabhiññāyā'ti, vinayapaññattiyāpi evaṃ bhaṇitaṃ 'ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, saṅgho mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanatū'ti, taṃ pana, mahārāja, tathāgato bhikkhū vīmaṃsamāno āha 'ukkalessanti [ukkaḍḍhissanti (sī.), ussakkissanti (syā.)] nu kho mama sāvakā mayā vissajjāpīyamānā mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni, udāhu ādiyissantī'ti.
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“In both cases, sire, the Blessed One said as you have declared. But in the second case it was to test the monks that he said it, to try whether, if leave were granted them, they would, after his passing, abolish the lesser and minor rules of training or still adhere to them.
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‘In both cases, O king, the Blessed One said as you have declared. But in the second case it was to test the Bhikkhus that he said it, to try whether, if leave were granted them, they would, after his death, revoke the lesser and minor regulations, or still adhere to them.
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– Есть изречение Блаженного, государь: «Со сверхзнанием, и не иначе, монахи, проповедую я Учение». О положениях же Устава говорится: «После моей смерти, Ананда, пусть отменяет община, если того пожелает, малые и меньшие правила поведения». Но последнее, государь, Татхагата сказал, желая испытать монахов: «Если дам я ученикам послабление, то отбросят ли они после моей смерти малые и меньшие правила поведения или будут им следовать?»
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"Yathā, mahārāja, cakkavattī rājā putte evaṃ vadeyya 'ayaṃ kho, tātā, mahājanapado sabbadisāsu sāgarapariyanto, dukkaro, tātā, tāvatakena balena dhāretuṃ, etha tumhe, tātā, mamaccayena paccante paccante dese pajahathā'ti.
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As, sire, a king of kings might say to his sons: ‘This great country, my children, reaches to the sea on every side. It is hard to maintain it much longer with the forces we have at our disposal. So, my children, when I am gone, you had better abandon the outlying districts along the border.’
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It runs as if a king of kings were to say to his sons: “This great country, my children, reaches to the sea on every side. It is a hard thing to maintain it with the forces we have at our disposal. So when I am gone you had better, my children, abandon the outlying districts along the border.”
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Представь, государь, что царь-миродержец обращается к сыновьям: «Огромна эта страна, сыновья мои; омывается она со всех сторон морями. Тем войском, что у нас есть, сыновья мои, трудно будет ее удержать. После моей смерти лучше бы вам отступиться от дальних, окраинных земель».
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Api nu kho te, mahārāja, kumārā pituaccayena hatthagate janapade sabbe te paccante paccante dese muñceyyu"nti?
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Now, sire, would the princes, on the death of their father, give up those outlying districts already in their power?"
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Now would the princes, O king, on the death of their father, give up those outlying districts, provinces already in their power?’
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Скажи, государь, разве откажутся царевичи после смерти отца от власти над дальними, окраинными землями, от областей, которыми владеют?
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"Na hi bhante, rājato [rājāno (sī. pī.)], bhante, luddhatarā [laddhatarā (ka.)] kumārā rajjalobhena taduttariṃ diguṇatiguṇaṃ janapadaṃ pariggaṇheyyuṃ [parikaḍḍheyyuṃ (sī. pī.)], kiṃ pana te hatthagataṃ janapadaṃ muñceyyu"nti?
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“No, revered sir, kings are greedier than that. The princes in their lust for power might subjugate a country twice or thrice the size of what they had, but they would never give up what they already possessed.”
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‘No indeed, Sir. Kings are grasping. The princes might, in the lust of power, subjugate an extent of country twice or thrice the size of what they had, but they would never give up what they already possessed.’
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– Нет, почтенный. Цари – народ ненасытный; вдвое, втрое против прежнего, почтенный, загребут себе земли жадные до власти царевичи, не то что не отступятся от областей, которыми владеют.
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"Evameva kho, mahārāja, tathāgato bhikkhū vīmaṃsamāno evamāha 'ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, saṅgho mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanatū'ti.
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“Even so, sire, the Tathāgata spoke thus testing the monks: ‘When I am gone, Ānanda, let the Order, if it should so desire, abolish the lesser and minor rules of training.’
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‘Just so was it, O king, that the Tathāgata to test the Bhikkhus said: “When I am gone, Ānanda, let the Order, if it should so wish, abolish all the lesser and minor precepts.”
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– Вот, государь, точно так же и Блаженный, желая испытать монахов, сказал: «После моей смерти, Ананда, пусть отменяет община, если того пожелает, малые и меньшие правила поведения».
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Dukkhaparimuttiyā, mahārāja, buddhaputtā dhammalobhena aññampi uttariṃ diyaḍḍhasikkhāpadasataṃ gopeyyuṃ, kiṃ pana pakatipaññattaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ muñceyyu"nti?
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Sire, the sons of the Buddha, for complete freedom from suffering and in their desire for Dhamma, would preserve even more than another hundred and fifty rules of training-how then should they let go of the rules of training that had been laid down originally?"
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But the sons of the Buddha, O king, in their lust after the law, and for emancipation from sorrow, might keep two hundred and fifty regulations, but would never give up any one that had been laid down in ordinary course.’
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Но жадные до Учения сыны Просветленного, государь, скорее установят полтораста новых правил поведения, только чтобы избавиться от тягот, не то что не отменят правил поведения, установленных прежде.
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"Bhante nāgasena, yaṃ bhagavā āha 'khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī'ti, etthāyaṃ jano sammūḷho vimatijāto adhikato saṃsayapakkhando.
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“Revered Nāgasena, when the Blessed One referred to ‘the lesser and minor rules of training’—people are confused about them, bewildered, undecided, fallen into doubt,
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‘Venerable Nāgasena, when the Blessed One referred to “lesser and minor precepts,” this people might therein be bewildered, and fall into doubt, and find matter for discussion, and be lost in hesitation,
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– Почтенный Нагасена, слова Блаженного «малые и меньшие правила поведения» вызывают у многих сомнения, смущение, колебания, неуверенность:
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Katamāni tāni khuddakāni sikkhāpadāni, katamāni anukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānīti?
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as to which are the lesser rules of training and which the minor.”
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as to which were the lesser, and which the minor precepts.’
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«Что такое малые правила поведения, а что меньшие правила поведения?»
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Dukkaṭaṃ, mahārāja, khuddakaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ, dubbhāsitaṃ anukhuddakaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ, imāni dve khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni, pubbakehipi, mahārāja, mahātherehi ettha vimati uppāditā, tehipi ekajjhaṃ na kato dhammasaṇṭhitipariyāye bhagavatā eso pañho upadiṭṭhoti.
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“Sire, a lesser rule of training refers to an offence of wrongdoing, a minor rule of training to one of wrong speech.92 These two together make up the lesser and minor rules of training. The great Elders of old, sire, were also in doubt about this matter and failed to reach unanimity when this question was raised at the council for fixing the Blessed One’s Doctrine.”93
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‘The lesser errors in conduct, O king, are the lesser precepts, and the lesser errors in speech are the minor precepts: and these two together make up therefore “the lesser and minor precepts.” the leading Elders too of old, O king, were in doubt about this matter, and they were not unanimous on the point at the Council held for the fixing of the text of the Scriptures. And the Blessed One foresaw that this problem would arise.’
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– Малые правила поведения, государь, касаются дурных действий, а меньшие правила поведения – дурных речей. Вот что такое малые и меньшие правила поведения. Даже у великих тхер прошлого, государь, были в этом разногласия, даже они не были едины. Блаженный ответил на этот вопрос в проповеди о сохранности Учения429.
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Ciranikkhittaṃ, bhante nāgasena, jinarahassaṃ ajjetarahi loke vivaṭaṃ pākaṭaṃ kata"nti.
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“This secret of the Conqueror’s, hidden for long, revered Nāgasena, is today, at the present time, disclosed and made clear in the world.”
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‘Then this dark saying of the Conquerors, Nāgasena, which has lain hid so long, has been now to-day uncovered in the face of the world, and made clear to all.’
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Давно утраченное, забытое в Учении Победителя, почтенный Нагасена, явил, открыл ты сегодня миру.
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Khuddānukhuddakapañho paṭhamo.
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