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Вторая пятёрка нравственности Палийский оригинал
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| Dutiyapañcake pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pahānādivasena attho veditabbo. | 40. 19. In the second pentad the meaning should be understood as the abandoning, etc., of killing living things, etc.; | |
| Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ – | for this is said in the Paṭisambhidā: | |
| "Pañca sīlāni pāṇātipātassa pahānaṃ sīlaṃ, veramaṇī sīlaṃ, cetanā sīlaṃ, saṃvaro sīlaṃ, avītikkamo sīlaṃ. | “Five kinds of virtue: (1) In the case of killing living things, (a) abandoning is virtue, (b) abstention is virtue, (c) volition is virtue, (d) restraint is virtue, (e) non- transgression is virtue. | |
| Adinnādānassa, kāmesumicchācārassa, musāvādassa, pisuṇāya vācāya, pharusāya vācāya, samphappalāpassa, abhijjhāya, byāpādassa, micchādiṭṭhiyā, nekkhammena kāmacchandassa, abyāpādena byāpādassa, ālokasaññāya thinamiddhassa, avikkhepena uddhaccassa, dhammavavatthānena vicikicchāya, ñāṇena avijjāya, pāmojjena aratiyā, paṭhamena jhānena nīvaraṇānaṃ, dutiyena jhānena vitakkavicārānaṃ, tatiyena jhānena pītiyā, catutthena jhānena sukhadukkhānaṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā rūpasaññāya paṭighasaññāya nānattasaññāya, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññāya, ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññāya, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya, aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāya, dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññāya, anattānupassanāya attasaññāya, nibbidānupassanāya nandiyā, virāgānupassanāya rāgassa, nirodhānupassanāya samudayassa, paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānassa, khayānupassanāya ghanasaññāya, vayānupassanāya āyūhanassa, vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññāya, animittānupassanāya nimittassa, appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiyā, suññatānupassanāya abhinivesassa, adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesassa, yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesassa, ādīnavānupassanāya ālayābhinivesassa, paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhāya, vivaṭṭanānupassanāya saññogābhinivesassa, sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhānaṃ kilesānaṃ, sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārikānaṃ kilesānaṃ, anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagatānaṃ kilesānaṃ, arahattamaggena sabbakilesānaṃ pahānaṃ sīlaṃ, veramaṇī, cetanā, saṃvaro, avītikkamo sīlaṃ. | (2) In the case of taking what is not given … (3) In the case of sexual misconduct … (4) In the case of false speech … (5) In the case of malicious speech … (6) In the case of harsh speech … (7) In the case of gossip … [50] (8) In the case of covetousness … (9) In the case of ill will … (10) In the case of wrong view … (11) “Through renunciation in the case of lust, (a) abandoning is virtue … (12) Through non-ill-will in the case of ill-will … (13) Through perception of light in the case of stiffness-and-torpor … (14) Through non-distraction … agitation … (15) Through definition of states (dhamma) … uncertainty … (16) Through knowledge … ignorance … (17) Through gladdening in the case of boredom … (18) “Through the first jhāna in the case of the hindrances, (a) abandoning is virtue … (19) Through the second jhāna … applied and sustained thought … (20) Through the third jhāna … happiness … (21) Through the fourth jhāna in the case of pleasure and pain, (a) abandoning is virtue … (22) Through the attainment of the base consisting of boundless space in the case of perceptions of matter, perceptions of resistance, and perceptions of variety, (a) abandoning is virtue … (23) Through the attainment of the base consisting of boundless consciousness in the case of the perception of the base consisting of boundless space … (24) Through the attainment of the base consisting of nothingness in the case of the perception of the base consisting of boundless consciousness … (25) Through the attainment of the base consisting of neither perception nor non-perception in the case of the perception of the base consisting of nothingness … (26) “Through the contemplation of impermanence in the case of the perception of permanence, (a) abandoning is virtue … (27) Through the contemplation of pain in the case of the perception of pleasure … (28) Through the contemplation of not-self in the case of the perception of self … (29) Through the contemplation of dispassion in the case of the perception of delighting … (30) Through the contemplation of fading away in the case of greed … (31) Through the contemplation of cessation in the case of originating … (32) Through the contemplation of relinquishment in the case of grasping … (33) “Through the contemplation of destruction in the case of the perception of compactness, (a) abandoning is virtue … (34) Through the contemplation of fall [of formations] in the case of accumulating [kamma] … (35) Through the contemplation of change in the case of the perception of lastingness … (36) Through the contemplation of the signless in the case of a sign … (37) Through the contemplation of the desireless in the case of desire … (38) Through the contemplation of voidness in the case of misinterpreting (insistence) … (39) Through insight into states that is higher understanding in the case of misinterpreting (insistence) due to grasping … (40) Through correct knowledge and vision in the case of misinterpreting (insistence) due to confusion … (41) Through the contemplation of danger in the case of misinterpreting (insistence) due to reliance [on formations] … (42) Through reflection in the case of non-reflection … (43) Through the contemplation of turning away in the case of misinterpreting (insistence) due to bondage … | |
| Evarūpāni sīlāni cittassa avippaṭisārāya saṃvattanti, pāmojjāya saṃvattanti, pītiyā saṃvattanti, passaddhiyā saṃvattanti, somanassāya saṃvattanti, āsevanāya saṃvattanti, bhāvanāya saṃvattanti, bahulīkammāya saṃvattanti, alaṅkārāya saṃvattanti, parikkhārāya saṃvattanti, parivārāya saṃvattanti, pāripūriyā saṃvattanti, ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī"ti (paṭi. ma. 1.41). | (44) “Through the path of stream-entry in the case of defilements coefficient with [false] view, (a) abandoning is virtue … (45) Through the path of once-return in the case of gross defilements … (46) Through the path of non-return in the case of residual defilements … (47) Through the path of Arahantship in the case of all defilements, (a) abandoning is virtue, (b) abstention is virtue, (c) volition is virtue, (d) restraint is virtue, (e) non-transgression is virtue. “Such virtues lead to non-remorse in the mind, to gladdening, to happiness, to tranquillity, to joy, to repetition, to development, to cultivation, to embellishment, to the requisite [for concentration], to the equipment [of concentration], to fulfilment, to complete dispassion, to fading away, to cessation, to peace, to direct-knowledge, to enlightenment, to Nibbāna.”38 (Paṭis I 46–47) |
Comm. NT: 38. This list describes, in terms of abandoning, etc., the stages in the normal progress from ignorance to Arahantship, and it falls into th... Все комментарии (1) |
| Ettha ca pahānanti koci dhammo nāma natthi aññatra vuttappakārānaṃ pāṇātipātādīnaṃ anuppādamattato. | 141.And here there is no state called abandoning other than the mere non-arising of the killing of living things, etc., as stated. | |
| Yasmā pana taṃ taṃ pahānaṃ tassa tassa kusaladhammassa patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena upadhāraṇaṃ hoti, vikampābhāvakaraṇena ca samādānaṃ. | But the abandoning of a given [unprofitable state] upholds a given profitable state in the sense of providing a foundation for it, and concentrates it by preventing wavering, | |
| Tasmā pubbe vutteneva upadhāraṇasamādhānasaṅkhātena sīlanaṭṭhena sīlanti vuttaṃ. | so it is called “virtue” (sīla) in the sense of composing (sīlana), reckoned as upholding and concentrating as stated earlier (§19). | |
| Itare cattāro dhammā tato tato veramaṇivasena, tassa tassa saṃvaravasena, tadubhayasampayuttacetanāvasena, taṃ taṃ avītikkamantassa avītikkamanavasena ca cetaso pavattisabbhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttā. | The other four things mentioned refer to the presence39 of occurrence of will as abstention from such and such, as restraint of such and such, as the volition associated with both of these, and as non-transgression in one who does not transgress such and such. |
Comm. NT: 39. Sabbhāva—“presence” ( = sat + bhāva): not in PED. Not to be confused with sabhāva— “individual essence” ( = sa (Skr. sva) + bhāva, or sa... Все комментарии (1) |
| Sīlaṭṭho pana tesaṃ pubbe pakāsitoyevāti. | But their meaning of virtue has been explained already. | |
| Evaṃ pahānasīlādivasena pañcavidhaṃ. | So it is of five kinds as “virtue consisting in abandoning” and so on. | |
| Ettāvatā ca kiṃ sīlaṃ? | 142. At this point “What is virtue? | |
| Kenaṭṭhena sīlaṃ? | In what sense is it virtue? | |
| Kānassa lakkhaṇarasapaccupaṭṭhānapadaṭṭhānāni? | What are its characteristic, function, manifestation, and proximate cause? | |
| Kimānisaṃsaṃ sīlaṃ? | What are the benefits of virtue? | |
| Katividhaṃ cetaṃ sīlanti? | How many kinds of virtue are there?” | |
| Imesaṃ pañhānaṃ vissajjanaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. | the answers to the questions are complete. |