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354."Cattāro dhammā bahukārā, cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā - pe - cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
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“Four dhammas, friends, are very helpful. Four dhammas should be developed. Four dhammas should be comprehended. Four dhammas should be abandoned. Four dhammas are on the side of decline. Four dhammas are on the side of distinction. Four dhammas are hard to penetrate. Four dhammas should be made to arise. Four dhammas should be directly known. Four dhammas should be realized.
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(Ka) "katame cattāro dhammā bahukārā?
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• “Which four dhammas are very helpful?
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Cattāri cakkāni – patirūpadesavāso, sappurisūpanissayo [sappurisupassayo (syā. kaṃ.)], attasammāpaṇidhi, pubbe ca katapuññatā.
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Four wheels: living in a civilized land, associating with people of integrity, directing oneself rightly, & having done merit in the past.
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Ime cattāro dhammā bahukārā.
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These four dhammas are very helpful.
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(Kha) "katame cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā?
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• “Which four dhammas should be developed?
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Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
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Four establishings of mindfulness: There is the case, friends, where • a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress with reference to the world.
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Vedanāsu - pe - citte… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
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• He remains focused on feelings in & of themselves—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress with reference to the world. • He remains focused on the mind in & of itself—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress with reference to the world. • He remains focused on mental qualities in & of themselves—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress with reference to the world.
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Ime cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā.
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These four dhammas should be developed.
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(Ga) "katame cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā?
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• “Which four dhammas should be comprehended?
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Cattāro āhārā – kabaḷīkāro [kavaḷīkāro (syā. kaṃ.)] āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ.
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Four nutriments: physical food, gross or refined; contact as the second; intellectual intention the third; and consciousness the fourth.
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Ime cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā.
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These four dhammas should be comprehended.
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(Gha) "katame cattāro dhammā pahātabbā?
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• “Which four dhammas should be abandoned?
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Cattāro oghā – kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho.
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Four floods: the flood of sensuality, the flood of becoming, the flood of views, the flood of ignorance.
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Ime cattāro dhammā pahātabbā.
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These four dhammas should be abandoned.
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(ṅa) "katame cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā?
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• “Which four dhammas are on the side of decline?
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Cattāro yogā – kāmayogo, bhavayogo, diṭṭhiyogo, avijjāyogo.
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Four yokes: the yoke of sensuality, the yoke of becoming, the yoke of views, the yoke of ignorance.
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Ime cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
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These four dhammas are on the side of decline.
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(Ca) "katame cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā?
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• “Which four dhammas are on the side of distinction?
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Cattāro visaññogā – kāmayogavisaṃyogo, bhavayogavisaṃyogo, diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo, avijjāyogavisaṃyogo.
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Four unyokings: the unyoking of the yoke of sensuality, the unyoking of the yoke of becoming, the unyoking of the yoke of views, the unyoking of the yoke of ignorance.
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Ime cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
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These four dhammas are on the side of distinction.
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(Cha) "katame cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā?
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• “Which four dhammas are hard to penetrate?
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Cattāro samādhī – hānabhāgiyo samādhi, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi, visesabhāgiyo samādhi, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhi.
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Four concentrations: concentration that has a share in decline, concentration that has a share in stability, concentration that has a share in distinction, concentration that has a share in penetration.
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Ime cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
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These four dhammas are hard to penetrate.
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(Ja) "katame cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā?
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• “Which four dhammas should be made to arise?
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Cattāri ñāṇāni – dhamme ñāṇaṃ, anvaye ñāṇaṃ, pariye ñāṇaṃ, sammutiyā ñāṇaṃ.
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Four knowledges: knowledge with regard to the Dhamma, knowledge with regard to inference, knowledge with regard to encompassing (the minds of others), knowledge of conventions.
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Ime cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā.
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These four dhammas should be made to arise.
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(Jha) "katame cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā?
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• “Which four dhammas should be directly known?
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Cattāri ariyasaccāni – dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ [dukkhasamudayo (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ [dukkhanirodho (syā. kaṃ.)] ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ.
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Four noble truths: the noble truth of stress, the noble truth of the origination of stress, the noble truth of the cessation of stress, the noble truth of the path of practice leading to the cessation of stress.
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Ime cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā.
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These four dhammas should be directly known.
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(Ña) "katame cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā?
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• “Which four dhammas should be realized?
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Cattāri sāmaññaphalāni – sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ.
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Four fruits of the contemplative life: the fruit of stream-entry, the fruit of once-returning, the fruit of non-returning, the fruit of arahantship.
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Ime cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
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These four dhammas should be realized.
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"Iti ime cattārīsadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
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“These forty dhammas—true, genuine, real, not unreal, not otherwise—have been rightly awakened to by the Tathāgata.
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