| пали | Thanissaro bhikkhu - english
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305."Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena tayo dhammā sammadakkhātā.
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“There are, friends, three dhammas that are rightly expounded by the Blessed One—the one who knows, the one who sees, the Worthy One, rightly self-awakened.
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Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ - pe - atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
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Those should all be recited together, without dispute, so that this holy life will endure & last a long time, and that will be for the benefit & happiness of many, out of sympathy for the world, for the welfare, benefit, & happiness of devas & human beings.
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Katame tayo?
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“Which three dhammas?
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"Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ.
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• “Three roots of what is unskillful: greed as a root of what is unskillful, aversion as a root of what is unskillful, delusion as a root of what is unskillful.
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"Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ.
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• “Three roots of what is skillful: lack of greed as a root of what is skillful, lack of aversion as a root of what is skillful, lack of delusion as a root of what is skillful.
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"Tīṇi duccaritāni – kāyaduccaritaṃ, vacīduccaritaṃ, manoduccaritaṃ.
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• “Three forms of misconduct: bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, mental misconduct.
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"Tīṇi sucaritāni – kāyasucaritaṃ, vacīsucaritaṃ, manosucaritaṃ.
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• “Three forms of good conduct: good bodily conduct, good verbal conduct, good mental conduct.
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"Tayo akusalavitakkā – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko.
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• “Three unskillful thoughts: a thought of sensuality, a thought of ill will, a thought of harmfulness.
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"Tayo kusalavitakkā – nekkhammavitakko, abyāpādavitakko, avihiṃsāvitakko.
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• “Three skillful thoughts: a thought of renunciation, a thought of non-ill will, a thought of harmlessness.
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"Tayo akusalasaṅkappā – kāmasaṅkappo, byāpādasaṅkappo, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo.
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• “Three unskillful resolves: a resolve on sensuality, a resolve on ill will, a resolve on harmfulness.
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"Tayo kusalasaṅkappā – nekkhammasaṅkappo, abyāpādasaṅkappo, avihiṃsāsaṅkappo.
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• “Three skillful resolves: a resolve on renunciation, a resolve on non-ill will, a resolve on harmlessness.
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"Tisso akusalasaññā – kāmasaññā, byāpādasaññā, vihiṃsāsaññā.
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• “Three unskillful perceptions: a perception of sensuality, a perception of ill will, a perception of harmfulness.
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"Tisso kusalasaññā – nekkhammasaññā, abyāpādasaññā, avihiṃsāsaññā.
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• “Three skillful perceptions: a perception of renunciation, a perception of non-ill will, a perception of harmlessness.
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"Tisso akusaladhātuyo – kāmadhātu, byāpādadhātu, vihiṃsādhātu.
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• “Three unskillful properties: the property of sensuality, the property of ill will, the property of harmfulness.
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"Tisso kusaladhātuyo – nekkhammadhātu, abyāpādadhātu, avihiṃsādhātu.
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• “Three skillful properties: the property of renunciation, the property of non-ill will, the property of harmlessness.
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"Aparāpi tisso dhātuyo – kāmadhātu, rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu.
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• “Three more properties: the property of sensuality, the property of form, the property of formlessness.
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"Aparāpi tisso dhātuyo – rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu, nirodhadhātu.
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• “Three more properties: the property of form, the property of formlessness, the property of cessation.
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"Aparāpi tisso dhātuyo – hīnadhātu, majjhimadhātu, paṇītadhātu.
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• “Three more properties: the low property, the middling property, the exquisite property.
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"Tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā.
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• “Three cravings: craving for sensuality, craving for becoming, craving for non-becoming.
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"Aparāpi tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, rūpataṇhā, arūpataṇhā.
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• “Three more cravings: craving for sensuality, craving for form, craving for the formless.
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"Aparāpi tisso taṇhā – rūpataṇhā, arūpataṇhā, nirodhataṇhā.
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• “Three more cravings: craving for form, craving for the formless, craving for cessation.
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"Tīṇi saṃyojanāni – sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso.
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• “Three (lower) fetters: self-identity view, uncertainty, grasping at habits & practices.
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"Tayo āsavā – kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo.
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• “Three effluents: the effluent of sensuality, the effluent of becoming, the effluent of ignorance.
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"Tayo bhavā – kāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo.
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• “Three becomings: sensuality-becoming, form-becoming, formless-becoming.
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"Tisso esanā – kāmesanā, bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā.
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• “Three searches: the search for sensuality, the search for becoming, the search for a holy life.
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"Tisso vidhā – seyyohamasmīti vidhā, sadisohamasmīti vidhā, hīnohamasmīti vidhā.
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• “Three types: the ‘I-am-better’ type, the ‘I-am-the-same’ type, the ‘I-am-lower’ type.
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"Tayo addhā – atīto addhā, anāgato addhā, paccuppanno addhā.
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• “Three extents: the extent of the past, the extent of the future, the extent of the present.
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"Tayo antā – sakkāyo anto, sakkāyasamudayo anto, sakkāyanirodho anto.
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• “Three limits: the limit of self-identity, the limit of the origination of self-identity, the limit of the cessation of self-identity.
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"Tisso vedanā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā.
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• “Three feelings: a feeling of pleasure, a feeling of pain, a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain.
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"Tisso dukkhatā – dukkhadukkhatā, saṅkhāradukkhatā, vipariṇāmadukkhatā.
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• “Three forms of stressfulness: the stressfulness of pain, the stressfulness of fabrication, the stressfulness of change.
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"Tayo rāsī – micchattaniyato rāsi, sammattaniyato rāsi, aniyato rāsi.
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• “Three accumulations: the accumulation of wrongness with a certain result, the accumulation of rightness with a certain result, an uncertain result.
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"Tayo tamā [tisso kaṅkhā (bahūsu) aṭṭhakathā oloketabbā] – atītaṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, anāgataṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, etarahi vā paccuppannaṃ addhānaṃ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati.
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• “Three doubts: One doubts, is uncertain, is undecided, & is unconfident about the past… about the future… or about the present right now.
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"Tīṇi tathāgatassa arakkheyyāni – parisuddhakāyasamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa kāyaduccaritaṃ, yaṃ tathāgato rakkheyya – 'mā me idaṃ paro aññāsī'ti.
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• “Three things the Tathāgata doesn’t have to protect against: The Tathāgata, friends, is one of pure bodily conduct. He has no bodily misconduct that he would have to protect (with the thought), ‘Don’t let anyone else know this of me.’
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Parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso, tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṃ, yaṃ tathāgato rakkheyya – 'mā me idaṃ paro aññāsī'ti.
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The Tathāgata is one of pure verbal conduct. He has no verbal misconduct that he would have to protect (with the thought), ‘Don’t let anyone else know this of me.’
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Parisuddhamanosamācāro, āvuso, tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa manoduccaritaṃ yaṃ tathāgato rakkheyya – 'mā me idaṃ paro aññāsī'ti.
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The Tathāgata is one of pure mental conduct. He has no mental misconduct that he would have to protect (with the thought), ‘Don’t let anyone else know this of me.’
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"Tayo kiñcanā – rāgo kiñcanaṃ, doso kiñcanaṃ, moho kiñcanaṃ.
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• “Three impediments: the impediment of passion, the impediment of aversion, the impediment of delusion.
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"Tayo aggī – rāgaggi, dosaggi, mohaggi.
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• “Three fires: the fire of passion, the fire of aversion, the fire of delusion.
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"Aparepi tayo aggī – āhuneyyaggi, gahapataggi, dakkhiṇeyyaggi.
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• “Three more fires: the fire of those to be revered, the fire of the householder, the fire of those worthy of offerings.
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"Tividhena rūpasaṅgaho – sanidassanasappaṭighaṃ rūpaṃ [sanidassanasappaṭigharūpaṃ (syā. kaṃ.) evamitaradvayepi], anidassanasappaṭighaṃ rūpaṃ, anidassanaappaṭighaṃ rūpaṃ.
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• “The threefold classification of form: form with a surface & offering resistance, form with no surface & offering resistance, form with no surface & offering no resistance.
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"Tayo saṅkhārā – puññābhisaṅkhāro, apuññābhisaṅkhāro, āneñjābhisaṅkhāro.
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• “Three fabrications: a meritorious fabrication, a demeritorious fabrication, an imperturbable fabrication.
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"Tayo puggalā – sekkho puggalo, asekkho puggalo, nevasekkhonāsekkho puggalo.
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• “Three persons: the person in training [a stream-winner through a non-returner], the person beyond training [an arahant], and the person neither in training nor beyond training.
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"Tayo therā – jātithero, dhammathero, sammutithero [sammatithero (syā. kaṃ.)].
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• “Three elders: the elder through birth, the elder through Dhamma, the elder through convention.
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"Tīṇi puññakiriyavatthūni – dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu.
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• “Three grounds for the making of merit: the ground for the making of merit composed of giving, the ground for the making of merit composed of virtue, the ground for the making of merit composed of development [of immeasurable goodwill].
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"Tīṇi codanāvatthūni – diṭṭhena, sutena, parisaṅkāya.
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• “Three grounds for an accusation: through what is seen, through what is heard, through what is suspected.
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"Tisso kāmūpapattiyo [kāmuppattiyo (sī.), kāmupapattiyo (syā. pī. ka.)] – santāvuso sattā paccupaṭṭhitakāmā, te paccupaṭṭhitesu kāmesu vasaṃ vattenti, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā.
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• “Three sensual-pleasure rebirths: There are, friends, beings who desire sensual pleasures as they present themselves. They exercise power with regard to sensual pleasures as they present themselves—such as human beings, some devas, & some beings in lower destinations.
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Ayaṃ paṭhamā kāmūpapatti.
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This is the first sensual-pleasure rebirth.
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Santāvuso, sattā nimmitakāmā, te nimminitvā nimminitvā kāmesu vasaṃ vattenti, seyyathāpi devā nimmānaratī.
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There are beings, friends, who desire what they have created. They exercise power with regard to sensual pleasures, having created them again & again—such as the Devas Who Delight in Creation.
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Ayaṃ dutiyā kāmūpapatti.
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This is the second sensual-pleasure rebirth.
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Santāvuso sattā paranimmitakāmā, te paranimmitesu kāmesu vasaṃ vattenti, seyyathāpi devā paranimmitavasavattī.
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There are beings, friends, who desire what is created by others. They exercise power with regard to sensual pleasures created by others—such as the Devas Who Wield Power over the Creations of Others.
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Ayaṃ tatiyā kāmūpapatti.
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This is the third sensual-pleasure rebirth.
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"Tisso sukhūpapattiyo [sukhupapattiyo (syā. pī. ka.)] – santāvuso sattā [sattā sukhaṃ (syā. kaṃ.)] uppādetvā uppādetvā sukhaṃ viharanti, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā.
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• “Three blissful rebirths: There are, friends, beings who, having given rise to bliss again & again, dwell in bliss—such as the devas of Brahmā’s retinue.
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Ayaṃ paṭhamā sukhūpapatti.
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This is the first blissful rebirth.
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Santāvuso, sattā sukhena abhisannā parisannā paripūrā paripphuṭā.
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There are, friends, beings who are permeated & pervaded, suffused & filled with bliss,
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Te kadāci karahaci udānaṃ udānenti – 'aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha'nti, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā.
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so that every now & then they exclaim, ‘O, bliss! O, bliss!’—such as the Radiant Devas.
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Ayaṃ dutiyā sukhūpapatti.
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This is the second blissful rebirth.
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Santāvuso, sattā sukhena abhisannā parisannā paripūrā paripphuṭā.
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There are, friends, beings who are permeated & pervaded, suffused & filled with bliss.
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Te santaṃyeva tusitā [santusitā (syā. kaṃ.)] sukhaṃ [cittasukhaṃ (syā. ka.)] paṭisaṃvedenti, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā.
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They, peacefully, are content, sensitive to mental bliss—such as the Beautiful Black devas.
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Ayaṃ tatiyā sukhūpapatti.
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This is the third blissful rebirth.
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"Tisso paññā – sekkhā paññā, asekkhā paññā, nevasekkhānāsekkhā paññā.
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• “Three types of discernment: the discernment of a person in training, the discernment of a person beyond training, and the discernment of a person neither in training nor beyond training.
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"Aparāpi tisso paññā – cintāmayā paññā, sutamayā paññā, bhāvanāmayā paññā.
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• “Three more types of discernment: discernment acquired through learning, discernment acquired through contemplating, discernment acquired through (mental) development.
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"Tīṇāvudhāni – sutāvudhaṃ, pavivekāvudhaṃ, paññāvudhaṃ.
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• “Three weapons: the weapon of learning, the weapon of seclusion, the weapon of discernment.
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"Tīṇindriyāni – anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ, aññindriyaṃ, aññātāvindriyaṃ.
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• “Three faculties: the ‘I-will-come-to-know-the-unknown’ faculty, the knowledge faculty, the having-knowledge faculty.
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"Tīṇi cakkhūni – maṃsacakkhu, dibbacakkhu, paññācakkhu.
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• “Three eyes: the eye of the flesh, the divine eye, the eye of discernment.
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"Tisso sikkhā – adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā.
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• “Three trainings: the training in heightened virtue, the training in heightened mind, the training in heightened discernment.
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"Tisso bhāvanā – kāyabhāvanā, cittabhāvanā, paññābhāvanā.
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• “Three developments: development of body, development of mind, development of discernment.
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"Tīṇi anuttariyāni – dassanānuttariyaṃ, paṭipadānuttariyaṃ, vimuttānuttariyaṃ.
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• “Three things unsurpassed: unsurpassed vision, unsurpassed practice, unsurpassed release.
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"Tayo samādhī – savitakkasavicāro samādhi, avitakkavicāramatto samādhi, avitakkaavicāro samādhi.
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• “Three concentrations: concentration with directed thought & evaluation, concentration without directed thought & with a modicum of evaluation, concentration without directed thought & evaluation.
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"Aparepi tayo samādhī – suññato samādhi, animitto samādhi, appaṇihito samādhi.
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• “Three more concentrations: emptiness concentration, themeless [or: signless] concentration, undirected concentration.
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"Tīṇi soceyyāni – kāyasoceyyaṃ, vacīsoceyyaṃ, manosoceyyaṃ.
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• “Three purities: bodily purity, verbal purity, mental purity.
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"Tīṇi moneyyāni – kāyamoneyyaṃ, vacīmoneyyaṃ, manomoneyyaṃ.
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• “Three forms of sagacity: bodily sagacity, verbal sagacity, mental sagacity.
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"Tīṇi kosallāni – āyakosallaṃ, apāyakosallaṃ, upāyakosallaṃ.
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• “Three forms of skillfulness: skillfulness in (knowing about) going forward, skillfulness in (knowing about) decline, skillfulness in tactics.
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"Tayo madā – ārogyamado, yobbanamado, jīvitamado.
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• “Three forms of intoxication: intoxication with health, intoxication with youth, intoxication with life.
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"Tīṇi ādhipateyyāni – attādhipateyyaṃ, lokādhipateyyaṃ, dhammādhipateyyaṃ.
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• “Three governing principles: the self as a governing principle, the world as a governing principle, the Dhamma as a governing principle.
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"Tīṇi kathāvatthūni – atītaṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kathaṃ katheyya – 'evaṃ ahosi atītamaddhāna'nti; anāgataṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kathaṃ katheyya – 'evaṃ bhavissati anāgatamaddhāna'nti; etarahi vā paccuppannaṃ addhānaṃ ārabbha kathaṃ katheyya – 'evaṃ hoti etarahi paccuppannaṃ addhāna'nti.
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• “Three topics of conversation: One might converse about the past, (saying,) ‘That’s how it was in the past.’ One might converse about the future, (saying,) ‘That’s how it will be in the future.’ One might converse about the present, (saying,) ‘That’s how it is in the present.’
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"Tisso vijjā – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ vijjā, sattānaṃ cutūpapāteñāṇaṃ vijjā, āsavānaṃ khayeñāṇaṃ vijjā.
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• “Three forms of clear knowing: the clear knowing of the knowledge of previous lifetimes, the clear knowing of the knowledge of the passing away & arising of beings, the clear knowing of the knowledge of the ending of the effluents.
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"Tayo vihārā – dibbo vihāro, brahmā vihāro, ariyo vihāro.
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• “Three dwellings: a divine dwelling, a brahmā-dwelling, a noble dwelling.
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"Tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni – iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
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• “Three marvels: the marvel of psychic power, the marvel of telepathy, the marvel of instruction.
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"Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena tayo dhammā sammadakkhātā.
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“These, friends, are the three dhammas that are rightly expounded by the Blessed One—the one who knows, the one who sees, the Worthy One, rightly self-awakened.
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Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ - pe - atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
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Those should all be recited together, without dispute, so that this holy life will endure & last a long time, and that will be for the benefit & happiness of many, out of sympathy for the world, for the welfare, benefit, & happiness of devas & human beings.
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