| пали | N.K.G. Mendis - english
|
Rhys Davids T.W. - english
|
Парибок А.В. - русский
|
Комментарии |
|
[3] "Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā 'gihino vāhaṃ, bhikkhave, pabbajitassa vā sammāpaṭipattiṃ vaṇṇemi, gihī vā bhikkhave pabbajito vā sammāpaṭipanno sammāpaṭipattādhikaraṇahetu ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusala"nti.
|
King Milinda said: “Revered Nāgasena, it was said by the Blessed One: “I, monks, praise right practice in a layman and in one who has gone forth. If either a layman or one who has gone forth is practising rightly then, because of his right practice, he is successful in the method, in Dhamma and in what is wholesome.’
|
‘Venerable Nāgasena, it was said by the Blessed One: “I would magnify, O brethren, the Supreme Attainment either in a layman or in a recluse. Whether he be a layman., O brethren, or a recluse, the man who has reached the Supreme Attainment shall overcome all the difficulties inherent therein, shall win his way even to the excellent condition of Arahatship.”
|
Почтенный Нагасена, есть изречение Блаженного: «Будь то мирянин или подвижник, я равно хвалю их истинное делание, о монахи. Мирянин ли, подвижник ли – истинно делающий человек, о монахи, благодаря своему истинному деланию успешно обретет метод, дхарму, благо»678.
|
|
|
Yadi, bhante nāgasena, gihī odātavasano kāmabhogī puttadārasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasanto kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhonto mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārento jātarūparajataṃ sādiyanto maṇikuṇḍala [maṇikanaka (sī. pī.)] vicittamoḷibaddho sammāpaṭipanno ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalaṃ, pabbajitopi bhaṇḍukāsāvavatthavasano parapiṇḍamajjhupagato catūsu sīlakkhandhesu sammāparipūrakārī diyaḍḍhesu sikkhāpadasatesu samādāya vattanto terasasu dhutaguṇesu anavasesaṃ vattanto sammāpaṭipanno ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalaṃ.
|
“If, revered Nāgasena, a layman—clad in white, enjoying sense pleasures, dwelling as master in a house crowded with wife and children, accustomed to Benares sandalwood, using garlands, scents and unguents, handling gold and silver, his turban studded with a variety of jewels and gold—is practising rightly, he is successful in the method, in Dhamma and in what is wholesome. And if one who has gone forth—his head shaven, wearing saffron robes, obtaining alms from others, perfectly fulfilling the four branches of morality, and who undertaking them conducts himself according to the hundred and fifty rules of training, and conducts himself according to the thirteen modes of ascetic practices—is practising rightly, he is successful in the method, in Dhamma and in what is wholesome.
|
‘Now, Nāgasena, if a layman, clad in white robes, enjoying the pleasures of sense, dwelling in a habitation encumbered with wife and children, making constant use of the sandal wood of Benares, of garlands and perfumes and unguents, accepting gold and silver, wearing a turban inlaid with jewels and gold, can, having reached the Supreme Attainment, win his way to the excellent condition of Arahatship—and if a recluse, with his shaven head and yellow robes, dependent for his livelihood on the alms of other men, perfectly fulfilling the fourfold code of morality, taking upon himself and carrying out the hundred and fifty precepts, conducting himself according to the thirteen extra vows without omitting any one of them, can also, having reached the Supreme Attainment, win his way to the excellent condition of Arahatship—
|
Почтенный Нагасена! Если мирянин в белых одеждах679, кто тешит себя усладами, имеет большую семью и множество детей, пользуется бенаресским сандалом, носит венки, умащает себя благовониями и притираниями, имеет дело с золотом и серебром, носит пестрый тюрбан, украшенный драгоценными камнями и золотом; если он, истинно делая, успешно обретет метод, дхарму, благо; если бритоголовый подвижник в желтом рубище, кто живет чужим доброхотством, целиком следует всем четырем частям нравственности680, соблюдает полтораста правил поведения, постоянно соблюдает тринадцать чистых обетов, если он, истинно делая, успешно обретет метод, дхарму, благо,
|
|
|
Tattha, bhante, ko viseso gihino vā pabbajitassa vā?
|
What then, revered sir, is the difference between the layman and one who has gone forth?
|
then, Sir, what is the distinction between the layman and the recluse?
|
то где же, почтенный, отличие подвижника от мирянина?
|
|
|
Aphalaṃ hoti tapokammaṃ, niratthakā pabbajjā.
|
Your austerity is fruitless, your renunciation is useless,
|
Your austerity is without effect, your renunciation is useless,
|
Не получается ли, что тапас ни к чему, пострижение тщетно,
|
|
|
Vañjhā sikkhāpadagopanā, moghaṃ dhutaguṇasamādānaṃ, kiṃ tattha dukkhamanuciṇṇena, nanu nāma sukheneva sukhaṃ adhigantabba"nti.
|
your watching over the rules of training is barren, and your undertaking the ascetic practices is in vain. What is the good of piling up suffering in these ways? Is not happiness to be reached simply through happiness?"
|
your observance of the precepts is barren, your taking of the extra vows is vain. What is the good of your therein heaping up woes to yourselves, if thus in comfort the condition of bliss can be reached?’
|
следование правилам поведения бесплодно и принятие чистых обетов бессмысленно? К чему брать на себя тяготы? Разве не верно, что счастье и достигается счастьем?
|
|
|
"Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā 'gihino vāhaṃ, bhikkhave, pabbajitassa vā sammāpaṭipattiṃ vaṇṇemi, gihī vā, bhikkhave, pabbajito vā sammāpaṭipanno sammāpaṭipattādhikaraṇahetu ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusala"nti.
|
“The words you ascribe to the Blessed One, sire, are rightly quoted.
|
‘The words you ascribe to the Blessed One, O king, are rightly quoted.
|
– Есть, государь, изречение Блаженного: «Будь то мирянин или подвижник, я равно хвалю их истинное делание, о монахи. Мирянин ли, подвижник ли – истинно делающий человек, о монах, благодаря своему истинному деланию успешно обретет метод, дхарму, благо».
|
|
|
Evametaṃ, mahārāja, sammāpaṭipannova seṭṭho, pabbajitopi, mahārāja, 'pabbajitomhī'ti na sammā paṭipajjeyya, atha kho so ārakāva sāmaññā, ārakāva brahmaññā, pageva gihī odātavasano.
|
Thus it is, sire, that one who is practising rightly is the best. And, sire, if one who has gone forth thinks: “I am the one who has gone forth’ but should not be practising rightly, then he is far from recluseship, far from brahminhood. How much more then a layman, clad in white?
|
And that is even so. It is the man who has reached to the Supreme Attainment who bears the palm. If the recluse, O king, because he knows that he is a recluse, should neglect the Attainments, then is he far from the fruits of renunciation, far from Arahatship—how much more if a layman, still wearing the habit of the world, should do so!
|
Да, государь, это так: истинно делающий и есть лучший. Если, государь, подвижник станет думать: «Ну, постриг я принял, вот и ладно» – и уклонится от истинного делания, то далеко ему до шраманства, далеко ему до брахманства. А такому же, но мирянину в белых одеждах – и тем более!
|
|
|
Gihīpi, mahārāja, sammāpaṭipanno ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalaṃ, pabbajitopi, mahārāja, sammāpaṭipanno ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalaṃ.
|
Whether he be a layman, sire, or one who has gone forth, if he is practising rightly he is successful in the method, in Dhamma and in what is wholesome.
|
But whether he be a layman, O king, or a recluse, he who attains to the supreme insight, to the supreme conduct of life, he too will win his way to the excellent condition of Arahatship.
|
И мирянин, государь, если он истинно делает, успешно обретет метод, дхарму, благо, и подвижник, государь, если он истинно делает, успешно обретет метод, дхарму, благо.
|
|
|
"Api ca kho, mahārāja, pabbajitova sāmaññassa issaro adhipati; pabbajjā, mahārāja, bahuguṇā anekaguṇā appamāṇaguṇā, na sakkā pabbajjāya guṇaṃ parimāṇaṃ kātuṃ.
|
Nevertheless, sire, it is the one who has gone forth who is chief and master in recluseship.
|
‘But nevertheless, O king, it is the recluse who is the lord and master of the fruit of renunciation. And renunciation of the world, O king, is full of gain, many and immeasurable are its advantages, its profit can no man calculate.
|
Но все же, государь, именно подвижник – господин и владетель шраманства. И пострижение, государь, есть нечто достойное, достойнейшее, бесконечно достойное, невозможно исчислить достоинства пострижения.
|
|
|
"Yathā, mahārāja, kāmadadassa maṇiratanassa na sakkā dhanena aggho parimāṇaṃ kātuṃ 'ettakaṃ maṇiratanassa mūla'nti, evameva kho, mahārāja, pabbajjā bahuguṇā anekaguṇā appamāṇaguṇā, na sakkā pabbajjāya guṇaṃ parimāṇaṃ kātuṃ.
|
Going forth, sire, has many special qualities, innumerable and immeasurable special qualities, and it is not possible to measure them
|
just, O king, as no man can put a measure, in wealth, on the value of a wish-conferring gem, Saying: “Such and such is the price of the gem"—just so, O king, is the renunciation of the world full of gain, many and immeasurable are its advantages, its profit can no man calculate—
|
Скажем, государь, как невозможно оценить в деньгах драгоценный самоцвет, исполняющий желания: «Вот столько-то стоит этот драгоценный самоцвет»,– вот точно так же, государь, пострижение есть нечто достойное, достойнейшее, бесконечно достойное, невозможно исчислить достоинства пострижения.
|
|
|
"Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, mahāsamudde ūmiyo na sakkā parimāṇaṃ kātuṃ 'ettakā mahāsamudde ūmiyo'ti, evameva kho, mahārāja, pabbajjā bahuguṇā anekaguṇā appamāṇaguṇā, na sakkā pabbajjāya guṇaṃ parimāṇaṃ kātuṃ.
|
just as it is not possible to count the number of waves in the great ocean.
|
no more, O king, than he could count the number of the waves in the great ocean, and say: “So and so many are the waves in the sea! ”
|
Или, скажем, государь, как невозможно исчислить волны в великом океане: «Вот столько-то в великом океане волн»,– вот точно так же, государь, пострижение есть нечто достойное, достойнейшее, бесконечно достойное, невозможно исчислить достоинства пострижения.
|
|
|
"Pabbajitassa, mahārāja, yaṃ kiñci karaṇīyaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ khippameva samijjhati no cirarattāya.
|
Whatever one who has gone forth may have to do, that he accomplishes without delay.
|
‘Whatsoever the recluse, O king, may have yet to do, all that doth he accomplish straightway, without delay.
|
У принявшего постриг подвижника, государь, все, что нужно исполнить, быстро получается, не затягивается надолго,
|
|
|
Kiṃ kāraṇā?
|
For what reason?
|
And why is that?
|
ибо,
|
|
|
Pabbajito, mahārāja, appiccho hoti santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho āraddhavīriyo nirālayo aniketo paripuṇṇasīlo sallekhitācāro dhutappaṭipattikusalo hoti, taṃ kāraṇā pabbajitassa yaṃ kiñci karaṇīyaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ khippameva samijjhati no cirarattāya.
|
One who has gone forth is of few wishes, he is contented, secluded, detached from the world, of stirred up energy, without desire, homeless, complete in morality, without guile and skilled in the practice of shaking off the defilements.
|
the recluse, O king, is content with little, joyful in heart, detached from the world, apart from society, earnest in zeal, without a home, without a dwelling-place, righteous in conduct, in action without guile, skilled in duty and in the attainments—that is why whatsoever may lie before him yet to do, that can he accomplish straightway, without delay—
|
государь, подвижник неприхотлив, непритязателен, уединен, вне мирского общения, ревностен, бесприютен, бездомен, исполнен нравственности, безукоризнен в обращении, опытен в исполнении чистых обетов. Потому, государь, все, что нужно исполнить, у подвижника быстро получается, не затягивается надолго.
|
|
|
Yathā, mahārāja, niggaṇṭhisamasudhotaujuvimalanārāco susajjito sammā vahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, pabbajitassa yaṃ kiñci karaṇīyaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ khippameva samijjhati no cirarattāyā"ti.
|
It is like an arrow that goes properly when it is shot if it is without a notch, even, well cleaned and straight.”
|
just as, the flight of your javelin, O king, is rapid because it is of pure metal, smooth, and burnished, and straight, and without a stain.’
|
Скажем, государь, как каленая стрела, без сучков, ровная, гладкая, прямая, отчищенная, если умело выпущена, то прямо летит к цели,– вот так же точно, государь, все, что нужно исполнить, у подвижника быстро получается, не затягивается надолго.
|
|
|
"Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmī"ti.
|
“It is good, revered Nāgasena; so it is, therefore do I accept it.”
|
‘Very good, Nāgasena! That is so, and I accept it as you say.’
|
– Отлично, почтенный Нагасена. Да, это так.Я с этим согласен.
|
|
|
Gihipabbajitasammāpaṭipattipañho tatiyo.
|
|
Here ends the dilemma as to the recluse having no advantages over the layman.
|
|
|