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1. Ношение одежд из лохмотьев Палийский оригинал
| пали | Nyanamoli thera - english | Комментарии |
| 24.Idāni ekekassa samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃse vaṇṇayissāma. | 14.Now, we shall proceed to comment on the undertaking, directions, grade, breach and benefits, of each one [separately]. | |
| Paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ tāva "gahapatidānacīvaraṃ paṭikkhipāmi, paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī"ti imesu dvīsu vacanesu aññatarena samādinnaṃ hoti. | i. First, the refuse-rag-wearer’s practice is undertaken with one of these two statements: “I refuse robes given by householders” or “I undertake the refuse-rag- wearer’s practice.” | |
| Idaṃ tāvettha samādānaṃ. | This, firstly, is the undertaking. | |
| Evaṃ samādinnadhutaṅgena pana tena sosānikaṃ, pāpaṇikaṃ, rathiyacoḷaṃ, saṅkāracoḷaṃ, sotthiyaṃ, nhānacoḷaṃ, titthacoḷaṃ, gatapaccāgataṃ, aggiḍaḍḍhaṃ, gokhāyitaṃ, upacikākhāyitaṃ, undūrakhāyitaṃ, antacchinnaṃ, dasācchinnaṃ, dhajāhaṭaṃ, thūpacīvaraṃ, samaṇacīvaraṃ, ābhisekikaṃ, iddhimayaṃ, panthikaṃ, vātāhaṭaṃ, devadattiyaṃ, sāmuddiyantietesu aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ gahetvā phāletvā dubbalaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya thiraṭṭhānāni dhovitvā cīvaraṃ katvā porāṇaṃ gahapaticīvaraṃ apanetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ. | 15.One who has done this should get a robe of one of the following kinds: one from a charnel ground, one from a shop, a cloth from a street, a cloth from a midden, one from a childbed, an ablution cloth, a cloth from a washing place, one worn going to and returning from [the charnel ground], one scorched by fire, one gnawed by cattle, one gnawed by ants, one gnawed by rats, one cut at the end, one cut at the edge, one carried as a flag, a robe from a shrine, an ascetic’s robe, one from a consecration, one produced by supernormal power, one from a highway, one borne by the wind, one presented by deities, one from the sea. Taking one of these robe cloths, he should tear off and throw away the weak parts, and then wash the sound parts and make up a robe. He can use it after getting rid of his old robe given by householders. | |
| Tattha sosānikanti susāne patitakaṃ. | 16.Herein, “one from a charnel ground” is one dropped on a charnel ground. | |
| Pāpaṇikanti āpaṇadvāre patitakaṃ. | “One from a shop” is one dropped at the door of a shop. | |
| Rathiyacoḷanti puññatthikehi vātapānantarena rathikāya chaḍḍitacoḷakaṃ. | “A cloth from a street” is a cloth thrown into a street from inside a window by those who seek merit. | |
| Saṅkāracoḷanti saṅkāraṭṭhāne chaḍḍitacoḷakaṃ. | “A cloth from a midden” is a cloth thrown onto a place for rubbish. | |
| Sotthiyanti gabbhamalaṃ puñchitvā chaḍḍitavatthaṃ. | “One from a childbed” is a cloth thrown away after wiping up the stains of childbirth with it. | |
| Tissāmaccamātā kira satagghanakena vatthena gabbhamalaṃ puñchāpetvā paṃsukūlikā gaṇhissantīti tālaveḷimagge chaḍḍāpesi. | The mother of Tissa the Minister, it seems, had the stains of childbirth wiped up with a cloth worth a hundred [pieces], and thinking, “The refuse-rag wearers will take it,” she had it thrown onto the Tālaveli Road.7 |
Comm. NT: 7.
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| Bhikkhū jiṇṇakaṭṭhānatthameva gaṇhanti. | Bhikkhus took it for the purpose of mending worn places. | |
| Nhānacoḷanti yaṃ bhūtavejjehi sasīsaṃ nhāpitā kāḷakaṇṇicoḷanti chaḍḍetvā gacchanti. | 17. “An ablution cloth” is one that people who are made by devil doctors to bathe themselves, including their heads, are accustomed to throw away as a “cloth of ill luck.” | |
| Titthacoḷanti nhānatitthe chaḍḍitapilotikā. | “A cloth from washing place” is rags thrown away at a washing place where bathing is done. | |
| Gatapaccāgatanti yaṃ manussā susānaṃ gantvā paccāgatā nhatvā chaḍḍenti. | “One worn going to and coming from” is one that people throw away after they have gone to a charnel ground and returned and bathed. | |
| Aggiḍaḍḍhanti agginā ḍaḍḍhappadesaṃ. | “One scorched by fire” is one partly scorched by fire; | |
| Tañhi manussā chaḍḍenti. | for people throw that away. | |
| Gokhāyitādīni pākaṭāneva. | “One gnawed by cattle,” etc., are obvious; | |
| Tādisānipi hi manussā chaḍḍenti. | for people throw away such as these too. | |
| Dhajāhaṭanti nāvaṃ ārohantā dhajaṃ bandhitvā ārūhanti. | “One carried as a flag”: Those who board a ship do so after hoisting a flag. | |
| Taṃ tesaṃ dassanātikkame gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. | It is allowable to take this when they have gone out of sight. | |
| Yampi yuddhabhūmiyaṃ dhajaṃ bandhitvā ṭhapitaṃ, taṃ dvinnampi senānaṃ gatakāle gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. | Also it is allowable, when the two armies have gone away, to take a flag that has been hoisted on a battlefield. | |
| Thūpacīvaranti vammikaṃ parikkhipitvā balikammaṃ kataṃ. | 18. “A robe from a shrine” is an offering made by draping a termite-mound [in cloth]. | |
| Samaṇacīvaranti bhikkhusantakaṃ. | “An ascetic’s robe” is one belonging to a bhikkhu. | |
| Ābhisekikanti rañño abhisekaṭṭhāne chaḍḍitacīvaraṃ. | “One from a consecration” is one thrown away at the king’s consecration place. | |
| Iddhimayanti ehibhikkhucīvaraṃ. | “One produced by supernormal power” is a “come-bhikkhu” robe.8 |
Comm. NT: 8. On certain occasions, when the going forth was given by the Buddha with only the words, “Ehi bhikkhu (Come, bhikkhu),” owing to the disci... Все комментарии (1) |
| Panthikanti antarāmagge patitakaṃ. | “One from a highway” is one dropped in the middle of a road. | |
| Yaṃ pana sāmikānaṃ satisammosena patitaṃ, taṃ thokaṃ rakkhitvā gahetabbaṃ. | But one dropped by the owner’s negligence should be taken only after waiting a while. | |
| Vātāhaṭanti vātena paharitvā dūre pātitaṃ, taṃ pana sāmike apassantena gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. | “One borne by the wind” is one that falls a long way off, having been carried by the wind. It is allowable to take it if the owners are not in sight. | |
| Devadattiyanti anuruddhattherassa viya devatāhi dinnakaṃ. | “One presented by deities” is one given by deities like that given to the Elder Anuruddha (Dhp-a II 173–74). | |
| Sāmuddiyanti samuddavīcīhi thale ussāritaṃ. | “One from the sea” is one washed up on dry land by the sea waves. | |
| Yaṃ pana saṅghassa demāti dinnaṃ, coḷakabhikkhāya vā caramānehi laddhaṃ, na taṃ paṃsukūlaṃ. | 19.One given thus “We give it to the Order” or got by those who go out for alms- cloth is not a refuse-rag. | |
| Bhikkhudattiyepi yaṃ vassaggena gāhetvā vā dīyati, senāsanacīvaraṃ vā hoti, na taṃ paṃsukūlaṃ. | And in the case of one presented by a bhikkhu, one given after it has been got [at a presentation of robes by householders] at the end of the Rains, or a “resting-place robe” [that is, one automatically supplied by a householder to the occupant of a certain resting place] is not a refuse-rag. | |
| No gāhāpetvā dinnameva paṃsukūlaṃ. | It is a refuse-rag only when given after not having been so obtained. | |
| Tatrapi yaṃ dāyakehi bhikkhussa pādamūle nikkhittaṃ, tena pana bhikkhunā paṃsukūlikassa hatthe ṭhapetvā dinnaṃ, taṃ ekatosuddhikaṃ nāma. | And herein, that placed by the donors at a bhikkhu’s feet but given by that bhikkhu to the refuse-rag wearer by placing it in his hand is called pure in one way. | |
| Yaṃ bhikkhuno hatthe ṭhapetvā dinnaṃ, tena pana pādamūle ṭhapitaṃ, tampi ekatosuddhikaṃ. | That given to a bhikkhu by placing it in his hand but placed by him at the [refuse-rag wearer’s] feet is also pure in one way. | |
| Yaṃ bhikkhunopi pādamūle ṭhapitaṃ, tenāpi tatheva dinnaṃ, taṃ ubhatosuddhikaṃ. | That which is both placed at a bhikkhu’s feet and then given by him in the same way is pure in both ways. | |
| Yaṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā laddhaṃ, hattheyeva ṭhapitaṃ, taṃ anukkaṭṭhacīvaraṃ nāma. | One obtained by being placed in the hand and [given by being] placed in the hand too is not a strict man’s robe. | |
| Iti imaṃ paṃsukūlabhedaṃ ñatvā paṃsukūlikena cīvaraṃ paribhuñjitabbanti idamettha vidhānaṃ. | So a refuse-rag wearer should use the robe after getting to know about the kinds of refuse-rags. These are the directions for it in this instance. | |
| Ayaṃ pana pabhedo, tayo paṃsukūlikā ukkaṭṭho majjhimo mudūti. | 20.The grades are these. There are three kinds of refuse-rag wearers: the strict, the medium, and the mild. | |
| Tattha sosānikaṃyeva gaṇhanto ukkaṭṭho hoti. | Herein, one who takes it only from a charnel ground is strict. | |
| Pabbajitā gaṇhissantīti ṭhapitakaṃ gaṇhanto majjhimo. | One who takes one left [by someone, thinking] “One gone forth will take it” is medium. | |
| Pādamūle ṭhapetvā dinnakaṃ gaṇhanto mudūti. | One who takes one given by being placed at his feet [by a bhikkhu] is mild. | |
| Tesu yassa kassaci attano ruciyā gihidinnakaṃ sāditakkhaṇe dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. | The moment anyone of these of his own choice or inclination agrees to [accept] a robe given by a householder, his ascetic practice is broken. | |
| Ayamettha bhedo. | This is the breach in this instance. | |
| Ayaṃ panānisaṃso, "paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ nissāya pabbajjā"ti (mahāva. 128) vacanato nissayānurūpapaṭipattisabbhāvo, paṭhame ariyavaṃse patiṭṭhānaṃ, ārakkhadukkhābhāvo, aparāyattavuttitā, corabhayena abhayatā, paribhogataṇhāya abhāvo, samaṇasāruppaparikkhāratā, "appāni ceva sulabhāni ca tāni ca anavajjānī"ti (a. ni. 4.27; itivu. 101) bhagavatā saṃvaṇṇitapaccayatā, pāsādikatā, appicchatādīnaṃ phalanipphatti, sammāpaṭipattiyā anubrūhanaṃ, pacchimāya janatāya diṭṭhānugatiāpādananti. | 21.The benefits are these. He actually practices in conformity with the dependence, because of the words “The going forth by depending on the refuse-rag robe” (Vin I 58, 96); he is established in the first of the Noble Ones’ heritages (A II 27); there is no suffering due to protecting; he exists independent of others; there is no fear of robbers; there is no craving connected with use [of robes]; it is a requisite suitable for an ascetic; it is a requisite recommended by the Blessed One thus “valueless, easy to get, and blameless” (A II 26); it inspires confidence; it produces the fruits of fewness of wishes, etc.; the right way is cultivated; a good example is set9 to later generations. |
Comm. NT: 9. Apādana—”institution (or production),” not in PED. Все комментарии (1) |
| Mārasenavighātāya, paṃsukūladharo yati; | 22. While striving for Death’s army’s rout The ascetic clad in rag-robe clout | |
| Sannaddhakavaco yuddhe, khattiyo viya sobhati. | Got from a rubbish heap, shines bright As mail-clad warrior in the fight. | |
| Pahāya kāsikādīni, varavatthāni dhāritaṃ; | Leaving rare Kāsi cloth and more; This robe wore, | |
| Yaṃ lokagarunā ko taṃ, paṃsukūlaṃ na dhāraye. | the world’s great teacher. Of rags from off a rubbish heap Who would not have a robe to keep? | |
| Tasmā hi attano bhikkhu, paṭiññaṃ samanussaraṃ; | Minding the words he did profess When he went into homelessness, | |
| Yogācārānukūlamhi, paṃsukūle rato siyāti. | Let him to wear such rags delight As one in seemly garb bedight. | |
| Ayaṃ tāva paṃsukūlikaṅge samādānavidhānappabhedabhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā. | This, firstly, is the commentary on the undertaking, directions, grades, breach, and benefits, in the case of the refuse-rag-wearer’s practice. |