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Idāni yaṃ vuttaṃ "buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ, gamakañca vibhāvaye"ti, tattha sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇanimittānuttaravimokkhādhigamaparibhāvitaṃ khandhasantānamupādāya, paññattito sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ vā saccābhisambodhimupādāya paññattito sattaviseso buddho.
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17. Now it was said: ‘ Then next there should Be told the proper way of knowing “ Buddha “ Goer ”, and “ Refuge-going ”. Herein, [the word] Buddha (Enlightened One ) is a term for distinguishing creatures either involving a description derived upon a [five-] category-continuity fortified by attainment of the supreme liberation that is the sign for unobstructed knowledge of all ideas, or else involving a description derived upon the attainment to the [four] Truths that is the footing for omniscient knowledge, 9
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Yathāha –
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according as it is said:
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"Buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto, balesu ca vasībhāva"nti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161).
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‘ “ Buddha ”: he is that Blessed One who, self-become, without teacher in ideas not heard before, himself discovered the Truths and reached omniscience therein and mastery of the powers ’ ( Nd.i. 143; Ps. i. 174).
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Ayaṃ tāva atthato buddhavibhāvanā.
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This, firstly, is the explanation of [the word] ‘ Buddha ’ as to meaning.
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Byañjanato pana "bujjhitāti buddho, bodhetāti buddho"ti evamādinā nayena veditabbo.
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18. Now as to the phrasing, it should be understood in the way beginning ‘ He is the discoverer ( bujjhitd), thus he is enlightened (buddha); he is the enlightener (bodheta), thus he is enlightened’,
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Vuttañcetaṃ –
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and this is said
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"Buddhoti kenaṭṭhena buddho?
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‘ Buddha: in what sense buddha?
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Bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho, sabbaññutāya buddho, sabbadassāvitāya buddho, anaññaneyyatāya buddho, vikasitāya buddho, khīṇāsavasaṅkhātena buddho, nirupakkilesasaṅkhātena buddho, ekantavītarāgoti buddho, ekantavītadosoti buddho, ekantavītamohoti buddho, ekantanikkilesoti buddho, ekāyanamaggaṃ gatoti buddho, eko anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti buddho, abuddhivihatattā buddhipaṭilābhā buddho.
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He is the discoverer (bujjhitd) of the Truths, thus he is enlightened (buddha). He is the enlightener (bodheta) of the generation, thus he is enlightened. He is enlightened by omniscience, enlightened by seeing all, enlightened without being led by others, enlightened because of [15] burgeoning; 10 having exhausted the taints, he is termed enlightened; having immunity from defilement, 11 he is termed enlightened; he is quite without lust, thus he is enlightened; he is quite without hate, thus he is enlightened; he is quite without delusion, thus he is enlightened; he is quite without defilement, thus he is enlightened; he has travelled by the path that goes in only one way, 12 thus he is enlightened; he alone discovered the peerless complete enlightenment, thus he is enlightened; he is enlightened because he has abolished non-discovery (abuddhi) and obtained discovery (buddhi).
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Buddhoti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ, na pitarā kataṃ, na bhātarā kataṃ, na bhaginiyā kataṃ, na mittāmaccehi kataṃ, na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ, na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ, na devatāhi kataṃ, vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ buddho"ti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.162).
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Buddha: this is not a name made by a mother, made by a father, [made by a brother, made by a sister, made by friends and companions, made by relatives and kin, made by monks and divines, 13 made by deities]; this [name] “ Buddha ”, which signifies final liberation, is a realistic 14 description of enlightened Ones, Blessed Ones, together with their obtainment of omniscient knowledge at the root of an enlightenment [tree] 5 (Ps. i. 174; Nd. i. 457f.).
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Ettha ca yathā loke avagantā avagatoti vuccati, evaṃ bujjhitā saccānīti buddho.
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19. And as to this quotation, [the active and middle-voice usage] ‘ he is the discoverer of the Truths, thus he is enlightened (bujjhita saccarii ti huddho) ’ is stated in the same way as in the world [outside the Dispensation] a ‘ descender into (understander) 5 ( avagantd ) is called a ‘ descended one (understood) ’ ( avagato ),
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Yathā paṇṇasosā vātā paṇṇasusāti vuccanti, evaṃ bodhetā pajāyāti buddho.
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and in [the causative-voice usage] ‘ he is the enlightener of the generation, thus he is enlightened ’ (bodhetd pajdya ti buddho) is stated in the same way as [in the world outside the Dispensation] a ‘ leaf-drying wind ' ( pannasosd vatd) is called ‘ leaf-dried ’ (pannasusd) 20.
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Sabbaññutāya buddhoti sabbadhammabujjhanasamatthāya buddhiyā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti.
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‘He is enlightened by omniscience’: what is meant is that he is enlightened by discovery (buddhi) capable of discovering ( bujjhana) all ideas.
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Sabbadassāvitāya buddhoti sabbadhammabodhanasamatthāya buddhiyā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti.
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‘ Enlightened by seeing all ’: what is meant is that he is enlightened by discovery capable of causing discovery ( bodhana) of all ideas.
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Anaññaneyyatāya buddhoti aññena abodhito sayameva buddhattā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti.
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‘ Enlightened without being led by others ’: what is meant is that he is enlightened because of his being enlightened by himself alone without having been caused to be enlightened by another.
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Vikasitāya buddhoti nānāguṇavikasanato padumamiva vikasanaṭṭhena buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti.
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‘ Enlightened because of burgeoning ’ ( visavitd) : what is meant is that he is enlightened because of displaying (visavana) 16 diverse special qualities in the sense of opening like a lotus flower.
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Khīṇāsavasaṅkhātena buddhoti evamādīhi cittasaṅkocakaradhammapahānato niddākkhayavibuddho puriso viya sabbakilesaniddākkhayavibuddhattā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti.
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‘ Enlightened since he is reckoned to have exhausted the taints ’, etc.: what is meant is that he is enlightened owing to his being awakened (vibuddha) by the exhaustion of all the sleep consisting in defilements like a man awakened by the exhaustion of sleep because of his abandoning the reasons for the cramping of cognizance.
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Ekāyanamaggaṃ gatoti buddhoti buddhiyatthānaṃ gamanatthapariyāyato yathā maggaṃ gatopi puriso gatoti vuccati, evaṃ ekāyanamaggaṃ gatattāpi buddhoti vuccatīti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ.
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He has travelled by the path that goes in only one way ’: this is said in order to show that he is called ‘ enlightened ’ (buddha) because he has travelled { gata) by the path that goes in only one way [that is, to the goal], since [verbal roots with] meanings of ‘ travelling ’ ( gamana ) have by metaphorical use also meanings of ‘ discovering 5 ( bujjhana ), just as a man is called i travelled ’ (gata) when he has travelled (gata) a path.
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Eko anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti buddhoti na parehi buddhattā buddho, kintu sayameva anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhattā buddhoti vuttaṃ hoti.
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‘ He alone discovered the peerless complete enlightenment ': what is meant is that he is enlightened not because of his being enlightened by others but is on the contrary enlightened because he himself alone discovered the peerless complete enlightenment.
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Abuddhivihatattā buddhipaṭilābhā buddhoti buddhi buddhaṃ bodhoti pariyāyavacanametaṃ.
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‘ He is enlightened because he has abolished non-discovery and obtained discovery ’: the [middle-voice] term ‘ discovery ’ ( buddhi ) and the [causative-voice] term ' causing-discovery ’ (huddhim bodho) are metaphorical expressions ;
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Tattha yathā nīlarattaguṇayogato "nīlo paṭo, ratto paṭo"ti vuccati, evaṃ buddhiguṇayogato buddhoti ñāpetuṃ vuttaṃ hoti.
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for this is said in order to have it known that ‘ enlightened ’ (buddha) is said of him because of his association with the quality of discovery (buddhi), just as ' blue cloth ’ or ‘ red cloth ’ is said because of [the cloth’s] association with the respective quality of blue or red.
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Tato paraṃ buddhoti netaṃ nāmanti evamādi atthamanugatā ayaṃ paññattīti bodhanatthaṃ vuttanti evarūpena nayena sabbesaṃ padānaṃ buddhasaddassa sādhanasamattho attho veditabbo.
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After that, the passage beginning ‘ Buddha: this is not a name...’ is stated in order to cause discovery of the fact that this [foregoing] description conforms with the meaning; and it can be understood that the meaning of the word ‘ Buddha ’ (enlightened) is capable of being established in this manner in all the [remaining] clauses.
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Ayaṃ byañjanatopi buddhavibhāvanā.
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This is the explanation of [the word] ‘ Buddha ’ as to the phrasing.
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