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188.Etadaggesu paṭhamavaggassa paṭhame etadagganti etaṃ aggaṃ.
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Ettha ca ayaṃ aggasaddo ādikoṭikoṭṭhāsaseṭṭhesu dissati.
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"Ajjatagge, samma dovārika, āvarāmi dvāraṃ nigaṇṭhānaṃ nigaṇṭhīna"ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.70) hi ādimhi dissati.
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"Teneva aṅgulaggena taṃ aṅgulaggaṃ parāmaseyya (kathā. 441), ucchaggaṃ veḷagga"ntiādīsu koṭiyaṃ.
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"Ambilaggaṃ vā madhuraggaṃ vā tittakaggaṃ vā (saṃ. ni. 5.374), anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vihāraggena vā pariveṇaggena vā bhājetu"ntiādīsu (cūḷava. 318) koṭṭhāse.
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"Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā - pe - tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī"tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) seṭṭhe.
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Svāyamidha koṭiyampi vaṭṭati seṭṭhepi.
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Te hi therā attano attano ṭhāne koṭibhūtātipi aggā, seṭṭhabhūtātipi.
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Tasmā etadagganti esā koṭi eso seṭṭhoti ayamettha attho.
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Eseva nayo sabbasuttesu.
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Ayañca etadaggasannikkhepo nāma catūhi kāraṇehi labbhati aṭṭhuppattito āgamanato ciṇṇavasito guṇātirekatoti.
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Tattha koci thero ekena kāraṇena etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhati, koci dvīhi, koci tīhi, koci sabbeheva catūhipi āyasmā sāriputtatthero viya.
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So hi aṭṭhuppattitopi mahāpaññatāya etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhi āgamanādīhipi.
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Kathaṃ?
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Ekasmiṃ hi samaye satthā jetavanamahāvihāre viharanto kaṇḍambarukkhamūle titthiyamaddanaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā "kahaṃ nu kho purimabuddhā yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā vassaṃ upagacchantī"ti āvajjento "tāvatiṃsabhavane"ti ñatvā dve padantarāni dassetvā tatiyena padena tāvatiṃsabhavane paccuṭṭhāsi.
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Sakko devarājā bhagavantaṃ disvā paṇḍukambalasilāto uṭṭhāya saddhiṃ devagaṇena paccuggamanaṃ agamāsi.
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Devā cintayiṃsu – "sakko devarājā devagaṇaparivuto saṭṭhiyojanāyāmāya paṇḍukambalasilāya nisīditvā sampattiṃ anubhavati, buddhānaṃ nāma nisinnakālato paṭṭhāya na sakkā aññena ettha hatthampi ṭhapetu"nti.
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Satthāpi tattha nisinno tesaṃ cittācāraṃ ñatvā mahāpaṃsukūliko viya muṇḍapīṭhakaṃ sabbameva paṇḍukambalasilaṃ avattharitvā nisīdi.
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Evaṃ nisīdanto pana attano vā sarīraṃ mahantaṃ katvā māpesi, paṇḍukambalasilaṃ vā khuddakaṃ akāsīti na sallakkhetabbaṃ.
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Acinteyyo hi buddhavisayo.
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Evaṃ nisinno pana mātaraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānaṃ "kusalā dhammā akusalā dhammā abyākatā dhammā"ti abhidhammapiṭakaṃ desesi.
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Pāṭihāriyaṭṭhānepi sabbāpi dvādasayojanikā parisā anuruddhattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā "kahaṃ, bhante, dasabalo gato"ti pucchi.
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Tāvatiṃsabhavane paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ vassaṃ upagantvā abhidhammakathaṃ desetuṃ gatoti.
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Bhante, na mayaṃ satthāraṃ adisvā gamissāma.
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Kadā satthā āgamissatīti satthu āgamanakālaṃ jānāthāti?
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Mahāmoggallānattherassa bhāraṃ karotha, so buddhānaṃ santikaṃ gantvā sāsanaṃ āharissatīti.
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Kiṃ pana therassa tattha gantuṃ balaṃ natthīti?
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Atthi, visesavantānaṃ pana visesaṃ passantūti evamāha.
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Mahājano mahāmoggallānattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthu sāsanaṃ gahetvā āgamanatthāya yāci.
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Thero passanteyeva mahājane pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā antosinerunā gantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā āha – "bhante, mahājano tumhākaṃ dassanakāmo, āgamanadivasaṃ vo jānituṃ icchatī"ti.
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Tena hi "ito temāsaccayena saṅkassanagaradvāre passathā"tissa vadehīti.
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Thero bhagavato sāsanaṃ āharitvā mahājanassa kathesi.
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Mahājano tattheva temāsaṃ khandhāvāraṃ bandhitvā vasi.
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Cūḷaanāthapiṇḍiko dvādasayojanāya parisāya temāsaṃ yāgubhattaṃ ādāsi.
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Satthāpi sattappakaraṇāni desetvā manussalokaṃ āgamanatthāya ākappaṃ dassesi.
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Sakko devarājā vissakammaṃ āmantetvā tathāgatassa otaraṇatthāya sopānaṃ māpetuṃ āṇāpesi.
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So ekato sovaṇṇamayaṃ ekato rajatamayaṃ sopānaṃ māpetvā majjhe maṇimayaṃ māpesi.
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Satthā maṇimaye sopāne ṭhatvā "mahājano maṃ passatū"ti adhiṭṭhāsi.
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Attano ānubhāveneva "mahājano avīcimahānirayaṃ passatū"tipi adhiṭṭhāsi.
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Nirayadassanena cassa uppannasaṃvegataṃ ñatvā devalokaṃ dassesi.
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Athassa otarantassa mahābrahmā chattaṃ dhāresi, sakko devarājā pattaṃ gaṇhi, suyāmo devarājā dibbaṃ vāḷabījaniṃ bīji, pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ samapaññāsāya mucchanāhi mucchitvā vādento purato otari.
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Buddhānaṃ pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhitakāle "ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ vandissāmi, ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ vandissāmī"ti mahājano aṭṭhāsi.
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Saha mahāpathavīakkamanena pana bhagavato neva mahājano na asītimahāsāvakā paṭhamakavandanaṃ sampāpuṇiṃsu, dhammasenāpati sāriputtattheroyeva pana sampāpuṇi.
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Atha satthā dvādasayojanāya parisāya antare "therassa paññānubhāvaṃ jānantū"ti puthujjanapañcakaṃ pañhaṃ ārabhi.
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Paṭhamaṃ lokiyamahājano sallakkhessatīti puthujjanapañhaṃ pucchi.
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Ye ye sallakkhiṃsu, te te kathayiṃsu.
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Dutiyaṃ puthujjanavisayaṃ atikkamitvā sotāpattimagge pañhaṃ pucchi.
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Puthujjanā tuṇhī ahesuṃ, sotāpannāva kathayiṃsu.
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Tato sotāpannānaṃ visayaṃ atikkamitvā sakadāgāmimagge pañhaṃ pucchi.
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Sotāpannā tuṇhī ahesuṃ, sakadāgāminova kathayiṃsu.
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Tesampi visayaṃ atikkamitvā anāgāmimagge pañhaṃ pucchi.
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Sakadāgāmino tuṇhī ahesuṃ, anāgāminova kathayiṃsu.
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Tesampi visayaṃ atikkamitvā arahattamagge pañhaṃ pucchi.
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Anāgāmino tuṇhī ahesuṃ, arahantāva kathayiṃsu.
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Tato heṭṭhimakoṭito paṭṭhāya abhiññāte abhiññāte sāvake pucchi, te attano attano paṭisambhidāvisaye ṭhatvā kathayiṃsu.
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Atha mahāmoggallānaṃ pucchi, sesasāvakā tuṇhī ahesuṃ, therova kathesi.
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Tassāpi visayaṃ atikkamitvā sāriputtattherassa visaye pañhaṃ pucchi.
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Mahāmoggallāno tuṇhī ahosi, sāriputtattherova kathesi.
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Therassāpi visayaṃ atikkamitvā buddhavisaye pañhaṃ pucchi.
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Dhammasenāpati āvajjentopi passituṃ na sakkoti, puratthimapacchimuttaradakkhiṇā catasso disā catasso anudisāti ito cito ca olokento pañhuppattiṭṭhānaṃ sallakkhetuṃ nāsakkhi.
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Satthā therassa kilamanabhāvaṃ jānitvā "sāriputto kilamati, nayamukhamassa dassessāmī"ti "āgamehi tvaṃ, sāriputtā"ti vatvā "nāyaṃ tuyhaṃ visayo pañho, buddhānaṃ esa visayo sabbaññūnaṃ yasassīna"nti buddhavisayabhāvaṃ ācikkhitvā "bhūtamidanti, sāriputta, samanupassasī"ti āha.
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Thero "catumahābhūtikakāyapariggahaṃ me bhagavā ācikkhatī"ti ñatvā "aññātaṃ bhagavā, aññātaṃ sugatā"ti āha.
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Etasmiṃ ṭhāne ayaṃ kathā udapādi – mahāpañño vata, bho, sāriputtatthero, yatra hi nāma sabbehi anaññātaṃ pañhaṃ kathesi, buddhehi ca dinnanaye ṭhatvā buddhavisaye pañhaṃ kathesi, iti therassa paññānubhāvo yattakaṃ ṭhānaṃ buddhānaṃ kittisaddena otthaṭaṃ, sabbaṃ ajjhottharitvā gatoti evaṃ tāva thero aṭṭhuppattito mahāpaññatāya etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhi.
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Kathaṃ āgamanato?
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Imissāyeva hi aṭṭhuppattiyā satthā āha – sāriputto na idāneva paññavā, atīte pañca jātisatāni isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvāpi mahāpaññova ahosi –
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"Yo pabbajī jātisatāni pañca,
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Pahāya kāmāni manoramāni;
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Taṃ vītarāgaṃ susamāhitindriyaṃ,
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Parinibbutaṃ vandatha sāriputta"nti.
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Evaṃ pabbajjaṃ upabrūhayamāno ekasmiṃ samaye bārāṇasiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatto.
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Tayo vede uggaṇhitvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto "pabbajitvā ekaṃ mokkhadhammaṃ gavesituṃ vaṭṭatī"ti cittaṃ uppādesi.
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Tasmiṃ kāle bodhisattopi kāsiraṭṭhe udiccabrāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatto vuddhimanvāya uggahitasippo kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā gharāvāsaṃ pahāya himavantaṃ pavisitvā kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā pañca abhiññā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā vanamūlaphalāhāro himavantappadese vasati.
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Sopi māṇavo nikkhamitvā tasseva santike pabbaji.
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Parivāro mahā ahosi pañcasatamattā isayo.
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Athassa so jeṭṭhantevāsiko ekadesaṃ parisaṃ gahetvā loṇambilasevanatthaṃ manussapathaṃ agamāsi.
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Tasmiṃ samaye bodhisatto tasmiṃyeva himavantappadese kālaṃ akāsi.
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Kālakiriyasamayeva naṃ antevāsikā sannipatitvā pucchiṃsu – "atthi tumhehi koci viseso adhigato"ti.
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Bodhisatto "natthi kiñcī"ti vatvā aparihīnajjhāno ābhassarabrahmaloke nibbatto.
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So kiñcāpi ākiñcaññāyatanassa lābhī, bodhisattānaṃ pana arūpāvacare paṭisandhi nāma na hoti.
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Kasmā?
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Abhabbaṭṭhānattā.
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Iti so arūpasamāpattilābhī samānopi rūpāvacare nibbatti.
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Antevāsikāpissa "ācariyo 'natthi kiñcī'ti āha, moghā tassa kālakiriyā"ti na kiñci sakkārasammānaṃ akaṃsu.
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Atha so jeṭṭhantevāsiko atikkante vassāvāse āgantvā "kahaṃ ācariyo"ti pucchi.
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Kālaṃ katoti.
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Api nu ācariyena laddhaguṇaṃ pucchitthāti?
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Āma pucchimhāti.
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Kiṃ vadetīti?
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Natthi kiñcīti.
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Mayampi "ācariyena laddhaguṇo nāma natthī"ti nāssa sakkārasammānaṃ karimhāti.
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Tumhe bhāsitassa atthaṃ na jānittha, ācariyo ākiñcaññāyatanassa lābhīti.
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Atha te jeṭṭhantevāsikassa kathaṃ na saddahiṃsu.
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So punappunaṃ kathentopi saddahāpetuṃ nāsakkhi.
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Atha bodhisatto āvajjamāno "andhabālo mahājano mayhaṃ jeṭṭhantevāsikassa kathaṃ na gaṇhāti, imaṃ kāraṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ karissāmī"ti brahmalokato otaritvā assamapadamatthake ṭhito ākāsagatova jeṭṭhantevāsikassa paññānubhāvaṃ vaṇṇetvā imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
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"Parosahassampi samāgatānaṃ,
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Kandeyyuṃ te vassasataṃ apaññā;
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Ekova seyyo puriso sapañño,
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Yo bhāsitassa vijānāti attha"nti. (jā. 1.1.101);
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Evaṃ isigaṇaṃ saññāpetvā bodhisatto brahmalokameva gato.
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Sesaisigaṇopi aparihīnajjhāno hutvā kālaṃ katvā brahmalokaparāyaṇo jāto.
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Tattha bodhisatto sabbaññutaṃ patto, jeṭṭhantevāsiko sāriputtatthero jāto, sesā isayo buddhaparisā jātāti evaṃ atītepi sāriputto mahāpaññova saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ jānituṃ samatthoti veditabbo.
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Idameva ca puthujjanapañcakaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā –
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"Parosatañcepi samāgatānaṃ,
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Jhāyeyyuṃ te vassasataṃ apaññā;
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Ekova seyyo puriso sapañño,
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So bhāsitassa vijānāti attha"nti. (jā. 1.1.101) –
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Imampi jātakaṃ kathesi.
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Tassa purimajātake vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo.
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Aparampi idameva puthujjanapañcakaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā –
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"Ye saññino tepi duggatā, yepi asaññino tepi duggatā;
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Etaṃ ubhayaṃ vivajjaya, taṃ samāpattisukhaṃ anaṅgaṇa"nti. (jā. 1.1.134) –
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Imaṃ anaṅgaṇajātakaṃ kathesi.
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Ettha ca ācariyo kālaṃ karonto antevāsikehi pucchito "nevasaññī nāsaññī"ti āha.
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Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
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Aparampi idameva puthujjanapañcakaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā –
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"Candābhaṃ sūriyābhañca, yodha paññāya gādhati;
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Avitakkena jhānena, hoti ābhassarūpago"ti. (jā. 1.1.135) –
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Idaṃ candābhajātakaṃ kathesi.
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Etthāpi ācariyo kālaṃ karonto antevāsikehi pucchito "odātakasiṇaṃ candābhaṃ nāma, pītakasiṇaṃ sūriyābhaṃ nāmāti taṃ ubhayaṃ yo paññāya gādhati pavisati pakkhandati, so avitakkena dutiyajjhānena ābhassarūpago hoti, tādiso aha"nti sandhāya – "candābhaṃ sūriyābha"nti āha.
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Sesaṃ purimanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
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Idameva ca puthujjanapañcakaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā –
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"Āsīsetheva puriso, na nibbindeyya paṇḍito;
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Passāmi vohaṃ attānaṃ, yathā icchiṃ tathā ahu.
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"Āsīsetheva puriso, na nibbindeyya paṇḍito;
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Passāmi vohaṃ attānaṃ, udakā thalamubbhataṃ.
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"Vāyametheva puriso, na nibbindeyya paṇḍito;
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Passāmi vohaṃ attānaṃ, yathā icchiṃ tathā ahu.
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"Vāyametheva puriso, na nibbindeyya paṇḍito;
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Passāmi vohaṃ attānaṃ, udakā thalamubbhataṃ.
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"Dukkhūpanītopi naro sapañño,
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Āsaṃ na chindeyya sukhāgamāya;
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Bahū hi phassā ahitā hitā ca,
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Avitakkitā maccamupabbajanti.
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"Acintitampi bhavati, cintitampi vinassati;
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Na hi cintāmayā bhogā, itthiyā purisassa vā.
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"Sarabhaṃ giriduggasmiṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ anusarī pure;
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Alīnacittassa tuvaṃ, vikkantamanujīvasi.
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"Yo taṃ viduggā narakā samuddhari,
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Silāya yoggaṃ sarabho karitvā;
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Dukkhūpanītaṃ maccumukhā pamocayi,
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Alīnacittaṃ ta migaṃ vadesi.
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"Kiṃ tvaṃ nu tattheva tadā ahosi,
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Udāhu te koci naṃ etadakkhā;
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Vivaṭṭacchaddo nusi sabbadassī,
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Ñāṇaṃ nu te brāhmaṇa bhiṃsarūpaṃ.
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"Na cevahaṃ tattha tadā ahosiṃ,
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Na cāpi me koci naṃ etadakkhā;
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Gāthāpadānañca subhāsitānaṃ,
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Atthaṃ tadānenti janinda dhīrā"ti. (jā. 1.13.134-143) –
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Imaṃ terasanipāte sarabhajātakañca kathesi.
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Imāni pana pañcapi jātakāni atītepi saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ mayhaṃ putto jānātīti satthārā dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherassa paññānubhāvappakāsanatthameva kathitānīti evaṃ āgamanatopi thero mahāpaññatāya etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhi.
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Kathaṃ ciṇṇavasitoti?
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Ciṇṇaṃ kiretaṃ therassa catuparisamajjhe dhammaṃ kathento cattāri saccāni amuñcitvā kathetīti evaṃ ciṇṇavasitopi thero mahāpaññatāya etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhi.
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Kathaṃ guṇātirekatoti?
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Ṭhapetvā hi dasabalaṃ añño koci ekasāvakopi mahāpaññatāya dhammasenāpatinā sadiso nāma natthīti evaṃ guṇātirekatopi thero mahāpaññatāya etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhi.
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Yathā ca sāriputtatthero, evaṃ mahāmoggallānattheropi sabbeheva catūhipi imehi kāraṇehi etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhi.
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Kathaṃ?
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Thero hi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo nandopanandasadisampi nāgarājānaṃ damesīti evaṃ tāva aṭṭhuppattito labhi.
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Na panesa idāneva mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo, atīte pañca jātisatāni isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitopi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo ahosīti.
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"Yo pabbajī jātisatāni pañca,
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Pahāya kāmāni manoramāni;
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Taṃ vītarāgaṃ susamāhitindriyaṃ,
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Parinibbutaṃ vandatha moggallāna"nti. –
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Evaṃ āgamanatopi labhi.
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Ciṇṇaṃ cetaṃ therassa nirayaṃ gantvā attano iddhibalena nirayasattānaṃ assāsajananatthaṃ sītaṃ adhiṭṭhāya cakkamattaṃ padumaṃ māpetvā padumakaṇṇikāyaṃ nisīditvā dhammakathaṃ katheti, devalokaṃ gantvā devasaṅghaṃ kammagatiṃ jānāpetvā saccakathaṃ kathetīti evaṃ ciṇṇavasito labhi.
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Ṭhapetvā ca sammāsambuddhaṃ añño sāvako mahāmoggallāno viya mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo natthīti evaṃ guṇātirekato labhi.
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Yathā cesa, evaṃ mahākassapattheropi sabbehevimehi kāraṇehi etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ labhi.
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Kathaṃ?
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Sammāsambuddho hi therassa tigāvutaṃ maggaṃ paccuggamanaṃ katvā tīhi ovādehi upasampādetvā cīvaraṃ parivattetvā adāsi.
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Tasmiṃ samaye mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā kampi, mahājanassa abbhantare therassa kittisaddo ajjhottharitvā gato.
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Evaṃ aṭṭhuppattito labhi.
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Na cesa idāneva dhutadharo, atīte pañca jātisatāni isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitopi dhutadharova ahosi.
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"Yo pabbajī jātisatāni pañca,
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Pahāya kāmāni manoramāni;
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Taṃ vītarāgaṃ susamāhitindriyaṃ,
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Parinibbutaṃ vandatha mahākassapa"nti. –
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Evaṃ āgamanatopi labhi.
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Ciṇṇaṃ cetaṃ therassa catuparisamajjhagato dhammaṃ kathento dasa kathāvatthūni avijahitvāva kathetīti evaṃ ciṇṇavasito labhi.
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Ṭhapetvā ca sammāsambuddhaṃ añño sāvako terasahi dhutaguṇehi mahākassapasadiso natthīti evaṃ guṇātirekato labhi.
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Imināva niyāmena tesaṃ tesaṃ therānaṃ yathālābhato guṇe kittetuṃ vaṭṭati.
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Guṇavaseneva hi sammāsambuddho yathā nāma rājā cakkavattī cakkaratanānubhāvena cakkavāḷagabbhe rajjasiriṃ patvā "pattabbaṃ me pattaṃ, kiṃ me idāni mahājanena olokitenā"ti na appossukko hutvā rajjasiriṃyeva anubhoti, kālena pana kālaṃ vinicchayaṭṭhāne nisīditvā niggahetabbe niggaṇhāti, paggahetabbe paggaṇhāti, ṭhānantaresu ca ṭhapetabbayuttake ṭhānantaresu ṭhapeti, evamevaṃ mahābodhimaṇḍe adhigatassa sabbaññutaññāṇassa ānubhāvena anuppattadhammarajjo dhammarājāpi "kiṃ me idāni lokena olokitena, anuttaraṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ anubhavissāmī"ti appossukkataṃ anāpajjitvā catuparisamajjhe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ brahmassaraṃ nicchāretvā dhammaṃ desayamāno niggahetabbayutte kaṇhadhamme puggale sinerupāde pakkhipanto viya apāyabhayasantajjanena niggahetvā paggahetabbayutte kalyāṇadhamme puggale ukkhipitvā bhavagge nisīdāpento viya paggaṇhitvā ṭhānantaresu ṭhapetabbayuttake aññāsikoṇḍaññattherādayo sāvake yāthāvasarasaguṇavaseneva ṭhānantaresu ṭhapento etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rattaññūnaṃ, yadidaṃ aññāsikoṇḍaññotiādimāha.
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