| пали | E. B. Cowell - english
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khantibalo - русский
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Комментарии |
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Virūpakkhehi me mettanti idaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha kathesi.
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"Virūpakkha snakes I love," etc.--This story the Master told whilst living at Jetavana, about a certain brother.
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Taṃ kira jantāgharadvāre kaṭṭhāni phālentaṃ pūtirukkhantarā nikkhamitvā eko sappo pādaṅguliyaṃ ḍaṃsi, so tattheva mato.
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As he sat, we are told, at the door of his living room, chopping sticks, a snake crept out of a rotten log, and bit his toe; he died on the spot.
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Tassa matabhāvo sakalavihāre pākaṭo ahosi.
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All the monastery learnt how he had come by his sudden death.
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Dhammasabhāyaṃ bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ – "āvuso, asuko kira bhikkhu jantāgharadvāre kaṭṭhāni phālento sappena daṭṭho tattheva mato"ti.
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In the Hall of Truth they began talking about it; saying how Brother So-and-so was sitting at his door, chopping wood, when a snake bit him, and he died immediately of the bite.
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Satthā āgantvā "kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā"ti pucchitvā "imāya nāmā"ti vutte "sace so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāri ahirājakulāni ārabbha mettaṃ abhāvayissa, na naṃ sappo ḍaṃseyya.
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The Master came in, and wanted to know what they were discussing as they sat there together. They told him. Said he, "Brethren, if our brother had practised kindness towards the four royal races of serpents, that snake would not have bitten him:
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Porāṇakatāpasāpi anuppanne buddhe catūsu ahirājakulesu mettaṃ bhāvetvā tāni ahirājakulāni nissāya uppajjanakabhayato mucciṃsū"ti vatvā atītaṃ āhari.
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wise anchorites in by-gone days, before the Buddha was born, by using kindness to these four royal races, were released from the fear that sprang from these serpents." Then he told them an old-world tale.
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Atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadatte rajjaṃ kārente bodhisatto kāsiraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto kāme pahāya isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā abhiññā ca samāpattiyo ca nibbattetvā himavantapadese ekasmiṃ gaṅgānivattane assamapadaṃ māpetvā jhānakīḷaṃ kīḷanto isigaṇaparivuto vihāsi.
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Once upon a time, during the reign of Brahmadatta king of Benares, the Bodhisatta came into the world as a young brahmin of Kāsi. When he came of age, he quelled his passions and took upon him the life of an ascetic; he developed the Supernatural Faculties and the Attainments; he built an hermitage by the bend of the Ganges near the foot of Himalaya, and there he dwelt, surrounded by a band of ascetics, lost in the rapture of meditation.
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Tadā gaṅgātīre nānappakārā dīghajātikā isīnaṃ paripanthaṃ karonti, yebhuyyena isayo jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpuṇanti.
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At that time there were many kinds of snakes upon the Ganges bank, which did mischief to the hermits, and many of them perished by snake-bite.
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Tāpasā tamatthaṃ bodhisattassa ārocesuṃ.
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The ascetics told the matter to the Bodhisatta.
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Bodhisatto sabbe tāpase sannipātāpetvā "sace tumhe catūsu ahirājakulesu mettaṃ bhāveyyātha, na vo sappā ḍaṃseyyuṃ, tasmā ito paṭṭhāya catūsu ahirājakulesu evaṃ mettaṃ bhāvethā"ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
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He summoned all the ascetics to meet him, and thus addressed them: "If you showed goodwill to the four royal races of snakes, no serpents would bite you. Therefore from this time forward do you show goodwill to the four royal races." Then he added this verse:--
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105.
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"Virūpakkhehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ erāpathehi me;
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"Virūpakkha snakes I love, Erāpatha snakes I love,
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Chabyāputtehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ kaṇhāgotamakehi cā"ti.
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Chabbyāputta snakes I love, Kaṇhāgotamas I love."
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Tattha virūpakkhehi me mettanti virūpakkhanāgarājakulehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ mettaṃ.
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Здесь "я желаю добра Вирупаккхам" означает, что я желаю добра [им?] вместе с королевскими нагами Вирупаккха.
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Erāpathādīsupi eseva nayo.
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"Эрапатхам" и прочее по тому же принципу.
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Etānipi hi erāpathanāgarājakulaṃ chabyāputtanāgarājakulaṃ kaṇhāgotamakanāgarājakulanti nāgarājakulāneva.
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Ведь этими королевскими кланами нагов являются королевский клан нагов Эрапатха, королевский клан нагов Чхабьяпутта, королевский клан нагов Канхаготамака.
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Evaṃ cattāri nāgarājakulāni dassetvā "sace tumhe etesu mettaṃ bhāvetuṃ sakkhissatha, dīghajātikā vo na ḍaṃsissanti na viheṭhessantī"ti vatvā dutiyaṃ gāthamāha –
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After thus naming the four royal families of the snakes, he added: "If you can cultivate goodwill towards these, no snake creature will bite you or do you harm." Then he repeated the second verse:--[146]
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"Apādakehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ dvipādakehi me;
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"Creatures all beneath the sun, Two feet, or none--
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Catuppadehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ bahuppadehi me"ti.
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four feet, more, How I love you, every one! "
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Tattha paṭhamapadena odissakaṃ katvā sabbesu apādakesu dīghajātikesu ceva macchesu ca mettābhāvanā dassitā, dutiyapadena manussesu ceva pakkhijātesu ca, tatiyapadena hatthiassādīsu sabbacatuppadesu, catutthapadena vicchikasatapadiuccāliṅgapāṇakamakkaṭakādīsu.
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Здесь, после распространения на конкретных существ, в первой строке объяcняется распространение дружелюбия на всех безногих рептилий и также рыб. Во второй строке - на людей, а также птиц. В третей строке - на слонов, лошадей и прочих. В четвёртой строке - на скорпионов, многоножек, пиявок, насекомых, пауков и прочих.
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Evaṃ sarūpena mettābhāvanaṃ dassetvā idāni āyācanavasena dassento imaṃ gāthamāha –
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Having declared the nature of the love within him, he uttered another verse by way of prayer:
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"Mā maṃ apādako hiṃsi, mā maṃ hiṃsi dvipādako;
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"Creatures all, two feet ,You with none,
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Mā maṃ catuppado hiṃsi, mā maṃ hiṃsi bahuppado"ti.
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or four and you with more, Do not hurt me, I implore! "
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Tattha mā manti etesu apādakādīsu koci ekopi mā maṃ hiṃsatu, mā viheṭhetūti evaṃ āyācantā mettaṃ bhāvethāti attho.
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Idāni anodissakavasena mettābhāvanaṃ dassento imaṃ gāthamāha –
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Then again, in general terms, he repeated one verse more:--
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"Sabbe sattā sabbe pāṇā, sabbe bhūtā ca kevalā;
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"All ye creatures that have birth, Breathe, and move upon the earth,
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Sabbe bhadrāni passantu, mā kañci pāpamāgamā"ti.
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Happy be ye, one and all, Never into mischief fall 1."
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Tattha taṇhādiṭṭhivasena vaṭṭe pañcasu khandhesu āsattā visattā laggā laggitāti sattā, assāsapassāsapavattanasaṅkhātena pāṇanavasena pāṇā, bhūtabhāvitanibbattanavasena bhūtāti evaṃ vacanamattaviseso veditabbo.
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Avisesena pana sabbānipetāni padāni sabbasattasaṅgāhakāneva.
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Kevalāti sakalā.
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Idaṃ sabbasaddasseva hi pariyāyavacanaṃ.
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Bhadrāni passantūti sabbepete sattā bhadrāni sādhūni kalyāṇāneva passantu.
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Mā kañci pāpamāgamāti etesu kañci ekaṃ sattampi pāpaṃ lāmakaṃ dukkhaṃ mā āgamā, mā āgacchatu mā pāpuṇātu, sabbe averā abyāpajjā sukhī niddukkhā hontūti.
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Evaṃ "sabbasattesu anodissakavasena mettaṃ bhāvethā"ti vatvā puna tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇe anussarāpetuṃ –
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Thus did he set forth how one must show love and goodwill to all creatures without distinction; he reminded his hearers of the virtues of the Three Treasures, saying--
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106.
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"Appamāṇo buddho, appamāṇo dhammo;
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"Infinite is the Buddha, infinite the Law,
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Appamāṇo saṅgho"ti āha.
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and the Order infinite."
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Tattha pamāṇakarānaṃ kilesānaṃ abhāvena guṇānañca pamāṇābhāvena buddharatanaṃ appamāṇaṃ.
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Здесь из-за отсутствия умственных загрязнений, делающих ограниченными, и также из-за отсутствия границ у благих качеств Будда как драгоценность является безграничным.
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Dhammoti navavidho lokuttaradhammo.
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"Дхамма" означает девятеричное надмирское состояние.
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Tassapi pamāṇaṃ kātuṃ na sakkāti appamāṇo.
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Оно безгранично, потому что не возможно провести его границу (сделать ограниченным).
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Tena appamāṇena dhammena samannāgatattā saṅghopi appamāṇo.
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Сангха, будучи обладающей этим безграничным состоянием, является безграничной.
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Iti bodhisatto "imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇe anussarathā"ti vatvā tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ appamāṇaguṇataṃ dassetvā sappamāṇe satte dassetuṃ –
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He said, "Remember the quality of the Three Treasures;" and thus having shown them the infinity of the Three Treasures, and wishing to show them that all beings are finite, he added,
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"Pamāṇavantāni sarīsapāni, ahi vicchika satapadī;
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"Finite and measurable are creeping things, snakes, scorpions, centipedes,
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Uṇṇanābhi sarabū mūsikā"ti āha.
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spiders, lizards, mice."
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Tattha sarīsapānīti sappadīghajātikānaṃ nāmaṃ.
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Te hi sarantā gacchanti, sirena vā sapantīti sarīsapā.
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"Ahī"tiādi tesaṃ sarūpato nidassanaṃ.
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Tattha uṇṇanābhīti makkaṭako.
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Tassa hi nābhito uṇṇāsadisaṃ suttaṃ nikkhamati, tasmā "uṇṇanābhī"ti vuccati.
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Sarabūti gharagoḷikā.
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Iti bodhisatto "yasmā etesaṃ antorāgādayo pamāṇakarā dhammā atthi, tasmā tāni sarīsapādīni pamāṇavantānī"ti dassetvā "appamāṇānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ ānubhāvena ime pamāṇavantā sattā rattindivaṃ parittakammaṃ karontūti evaṃ tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇe anussarathā"ti vatvā tato uttari kattabbaṃ dassetuṃ imaṃ gāthamāha –
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Then again, "As the passions and lusts in these creatures are the qualities which make them finite and limited, let us be protected night and day against these finite things by the power of the Three Treasures, which are infinite: wherefore remember the worth of the Three Treasures." Then he recited this stanza:--
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"Katā me rakkhā katā me parittā, paṭikkamantu bhūtāni;
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"Now I am guarded safe, and fenced around; Now let all creatures leave nee to my ground.
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Sohaṃ namo bhagavato, namo sattannaṃ sammāsambuddhāna"nti.
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All honour to the Blessed One I pay, And the seven Buddhas who have passed away."
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Tattha katā me rakkhāti mayā ratanattayaguṇe anussarantena attano rakkhā gutti katā.
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Katā me parittāti parittāṇampi me attano kataṃ.
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Paṭikkamantu bhūtānīti mayi ahitajjhāsayāni bhūtāni paṭikkamantu apagacchantu.
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Sohaṃ namo bhagavatoti so ahaṃ evaṃ kataparitto atītassa parinibbutassa sabbassapi buddhassa bhagavato namo karomi.
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Namo sattannaṃ sammāsambuddhānanti visesena pana atīte paṭipāṭiyā parinibbutānaṃ sattannaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ namo karomīti.
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Evaṃ "namakkāraṃ karontāpi satta buddhe anussarathā"ti bodhisatto isigaṇassa imaṃ parittaṃ bandhitvā adāsi.
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And bidding them also remember the seven Buddhas 2 whilst they did honour, the Bodhisatta composed this guardian charm and delivered it to his band of sages.
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Ādito pana paṭṭhāya dvīhi gāthāhi catūsu ahirājakulesu mettāya dīpitattā odissakānodissakavasena vā dvinnaṃ mettābhāvanānaṃ dīpitattā idaṃ parittaṃ idha vuttanti veditabbaṃ, aññaṃ vā kāraṇaṃ pariyesitabbaṃ.
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Tato paṭṭhāya isigaṇo bodhisattassa ovāde ṭhatvā mettaṃ bhāvesi, buddhaguṇe anussari.
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Thenceforward the sages bore in mind the Bodhisatta's admonition, and cherished love and goodwill, and remembered the Buddha's virtues.
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Evametesu buddhaguṇe anussarantesuyeva sabbe dīghajātikā paṭikkamiṃsu.
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As they did this, all the snake kind departed from them.
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Bodhisattopi brahmavihāre bhāvetvā brahmalokaparāyaṇo ahosi.
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And the Bodhisatta cultivated the Excellencies, and attained to Brahma's heaven.
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Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā jātakaṃ samodhānesi – "tadā isigaṇo buddhaparisā ahosi, gaṇasatthā pana ahameva ahosi"nti.
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When the Master had ended this discourse, he identified the Birth:--"The Buddha's followers were then the followers of the sage; and their Teacher was I myself."
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Khandhajātakavaṇṇanā tatiyā.
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